Research Article
Phytochemicals and Nanotechnology in the Management of Infertility
Bernard Opatimidi Patani,
Tenderwealth Clement Jackson
,
Marian Onyeoma Melifonwu*
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 3, September 2026
Pages:
34-40
Received:
13 August 2026
Accepted:
26 August 2026
Published:
18 September 2026
Abstract: Reproductive medicine is a multidisciplinary field that involves the assessment and treatment of male and female reproductive systems. Advances in reproductive medicine and assisted reproductive technologies have enhanced fertility management and increased opportunities for parenthood for millions of people. Regardless of fertility-sparing strategies, gamete and embryo selection, cryopreservation, and other approaches in infertility management, this condition remains a social and health issue, and increased precision is needed in managing this disease due to the limitations of conventional pharmacological and assisted reproductive technologies. Bioactive compounds isolated from medicinal plants have gained attention due to their therapeutic potential, although they have certain limitations, which nanotechnology has shown great potential in improving through targeted delivery of phytochemicals, enhancing bioavailability and stability. The use of nanotechnology has been explored to preserve fertility and gamete quality, support diagnosis, develop targeted nanomedicines, and create cellular therapeutics. The current review will highlight the role of nanotechnology in the targeted delivery of phytochemicals for the management of infertility. The article will focus on the application of nanocarriers in counteracting the low bioavailability of phytochemicals and discuss the potential of various nanomedicines. The review will also assess the role of nanotechnology, identify novel phytochemical formulations for the treatment of infertility, and evaluate the translational potential of nanomedicine in this field. Overall, the application of nanotechnology in phytochemical delivery offers a promising avenue for developing innovative and potentially more effective treatments for infertility.
Abstract: Reproductive medicine is a multidisciplinary field that involves the assessment and treatment of male and female reproductive systems. Advances in reproductive medicine and assisted reproductive technologies have enhanced fertility management and increased opportunities for parenthood for millions of people. Regardless of fertility-sparing strategi...
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Research Article
Green Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Ehretia Cymosa Leaf Extract and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy
Tujuba Tamiru Ashetu*,
Lalise Wakshum Ayana
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 3, September 2026
Pages:
41-50
Received:
7 September 2026
Accepted:
18 September 2026
Published:
30 September 2026
Abstract: This study focuses on an eco-friendly and cost-effective green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using the aqueous leaf extract of Ehretia cymosa as a natural capping and stabilizing agent, combined with zinc acetate dihydrate as a precursor. Synthesis was conducted across various volumetric precursor-to-extract ratios (1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 v/v) at pH 12, followed by thermal annealing at 500°C. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of phase-pure, highly crystalline ZnO NPs featuring a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure. Based on the Debye-Scherrer equation, the calculated average crystallite sizes were 17.84 nm for the 1:1 ratio and 18.25 nm for the 1:3 ratio. The smaller particle size observed in the 1:1 formulation is attributed to higher concentrations of phytochemical capping agents that prevented nanoparticle aggregation. The antibacterial efficacy of the synthesized ZnO NPs was evaluated against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacterial strains using the disc diffusion method. The nanoparticles exhibited strong, dose-dependent antibacterial activity against both pathogens. Higher antibacterial susceptibility was observed in S. aureus (26 mm inhibition zone at 0.04 mg/mL) compared to E. coli (25 mm inhibition zone at 0.04 mg/mL). This differential sensitivity is linked to structural variations in their cell walls, as the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria acts as a partial permeability barrier. Generally, Ehretia cymosa leaf extract provides a sustainable biological platform for producing functional ZnO nanomaterials with effective antimicrobial properties.
Abstract: This study focuses on an eco-friendly and cost-effective green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using the aqueous leaf extract of Ehretia cymosa as a natural capping and stabilizing agent, combined with zinc acetate dihydrate as a precursor. Synthesis was conducted across various volumetric precursor-to-extract ratios (1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 v/v) a...
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