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Research Article
Prevalence of Ac Anti-Hbc Alone Among Pregnant Women at the Yaounde University Teaching Hospital
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
33-39
Received:
10 March 2025
Accepted:
21 March 2025
Published:
28 August 2025
Abstract: Introduction: Infection with the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major public health issue; however, Asia and sub-Saharan Africa are the most affected regions. Occult hepatitis B Infection (OBI) refers to the presence of HBV DNA in the serum and/or liver of a patient despite negative HBsAg. It is typically an asymptomatic clinical form. Its reactivation is rare and generally occurs in immunocompromised individuals, such as those infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and pregnant women. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of anti-HBc antibodies (anti-HBc Ab) among pregnant women at the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital (YUTH). Methodology: A prospective, cross-sectional, single-center study was conducted from September 17, 2018, to February 25, 2019, involving 102 pregnant women aged 15 to 44 years. Sociodemographic, clinical data, and risk factors were collected; samples were also taken and analyzed using immunochromatographic methods and PCR. A total of 102 pregnant women were tested for HBV markers (HBs antigen and anti-HBc antibody). Only samples containing anti-HBc antibodies were used for the search for HBV DNA. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 2019 and he statistical analysis used the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of the 102 pregnant women recruited, 91 tested negative for the HBs antigen, among which 17 were carriers of only the anti-HBc antibody. Of these, 8 were positive for HBV DNA, and 8 pregnant women presented with occult hepatitis B. Conclusion and Suggestions: The presence of the anti-HBc antibody and HBV DNA should be considered as markers of occult hepatitis B. It is imperative to implement systematic screening for these HBV markers to improve the management of pregnant women and their newborns, in order to prevent vertical transmission (mother-to-child).
Abstract: Introduction: Infection with the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major public health issue; however, Asia and sub-Saharan Africa are the most affected regions. Occult hepatitis B Infection (OBI) refers to the presence of HBV DNA in the serum and/or liver of a patient despite negative HBsAg. It is typically an asymptomatic clinical form. Its reactivati...
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Research Article
Assessing the Global Impact of Education and Employment on Life Expectancy: A Gender Based Analysis
Sannan Muhammad*
,
Arfat Ali Khan Mazhar
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
40-48
Received:
15 July 2025
Accepted:
25 July 2025
Published:
28 August 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajnhs.20250603.12
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Abstract: This study investigates the differential impact of education and employment on life expectancy across genders using a global dataset, comprising 177 countries. Grounded in the Social Determinants of Health framework and Gender Intersectionality theory, we employ a multivariable regression model to analyze data from the Human Development Index and the World Bank (2022), using life expectancy at birth as the dependent variable and mean years of schooling (a proxy for education) and the unemployment rate (a proxy for employment) as independent variables. Our findings reveal that education significantly influences life expectancy for both men and women, with a stronger effect observed in men. Conversely, the impact of unemployment is statistically significant only for men. Although women exhibit higher overall life expectancy than men, their health quality remains compromised due to systemic marginalization. Interaction effects suggest that men derive greater longevity benefits from both employment and schooling, highlighting gendered disparities in the socioeconomic returns to health. These results underscore the importance of gender-sensitive health, employment and education policies that address unequal access and outcomes. By integrating a gender perspective into cross-country health outcome evaluations, this study contributes to the global health economics literature and provides actionable insights for international development and public health policy aimed at reducing gender-based health inequalities.
Abstract: This study investigates the differential impact of education and employment on life expectancy across genders using a global dataset, comprising 177 countries. Grounded in the Social Determinants of Health framework and Gender Intersectionality theory, we employ a multivariable regression model to analyze data from the Human Development Index and t...
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Research Article
The Logistical Functions of Transport and Supply in Peace Operations
Joao Paulo Gurgel Bezerra*,
Flavio Raphael Salgado
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
49-54
Received:
27 March 2025
Accepted:
7 April 2025
Published:
2 September 2025
Abstract: The logistical functions of transportation and supply play a critical role in UN peacekeeping operations, ensuring mission operability and the achievement of objectives in complex scenarios. This article examines these functions within the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) and the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO), highlighting Brazil’s participation and the challenges encountered. In UNIFIL, transportation logistics, coordinated by a Brazilian officer in the Movements and Transport Subsection of the East Sector, involves managing land and air movements under strict security and authorization protocols, such as detailed forms and classifications (service or non-service, convoy or single). Although distances are typically under 100km, precision is essential to prevent incidents in sensitive areas. In MINURSO, the supply function, performed by Brazilian military personnel as Rations Officers between 2021 and 2022, focused on managing food, water, and rations in a desert environment, integrating civilian and military components within the Joint Logistics Operations Center (JLOC). Amid the COVID-19 pandemic and a ceasefire breakdown, over 200 tons of food and 50,000 water packages were supplied, predominantly via air transport, overcoming operational constraints. Brazil stands out in both missions for the competence of its military personnel, reinforcing its reputation as a reliable UN partner. The study concludes that robust logistical systems, combined with professional expertise and adaptability, are vital for the success of peacekeeping operations, ensuring continuity of actions and support for local communities in adverse contexts. Investing in logistics and training is thus essential to address the challenges of these missions and promote global stability.
Abstract: The logistical functions of transportation and supply play a critical role in UN peacekeeping operations, ensuring mission operability and the achievement of objectives in complex scenarios. This article examines these functions within the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) and the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western ...
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Communication
Deteriorating Patient: A Necessary Definition for Cardiac Arrest Prevention
Hector Roche Molina*
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
55-58
Received:
30 June 2025
Accepted:
5 August 2025
Published:
8 September 2025
Abstract: Backgraund: Clinical deterioration not promptly recognized can result in increased patient morbidity and mortality. Early warning of cardiac arrest is a criterion commonly used in nursing staff's daily practice to identify patient deterioration. However, it is not always clear what a deteriorating patient means. Objetives: Provide an evidence-based approach to creating the definition of deteriorating patient Contextualize the definition of a deteriorating patient. Methods: A documentary review study was conducted through a bibliographic search of the databases to address the term deteriorating patient. Information about deteriorating patients was collected. Conclusion: As a result, valuable data were obtained to conceptualize the term deteriorated patient in nursing practice.
Abstract: Backgraund: Clinical deterioration not promptly recognized can result in increased patient morbidity and mortality. Early warning of cardiac arrest is a criterion commonly used in nursing staff's daily practice to identify patient deterioration. However, it is not always clear what a deteriorating patient means. Objetives: Provide an evidence-based...
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Research Article
Factors Affecting Performance of Learners with Visual Impairment in Mathematics: A Case Study of Magwero School for the Visually Impaired in Chipata Zambia
Gondwe Masauso*,
Penda Annie
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
59-69
Received:
25 September 2024
Accepted:
9 November 2024
Published:
15 September 2025
Abstract: This study focused on factors affecting the performance of learners with visual impairment in mathematics at Magwero School for the Visually Impaired in Chipata District of Eastern province. The research objectives were to establish factors affecting the performance of learners with visual impairment in mathematics, to explore how the factors affect performance of the learners with visual impairment in mathematics, and to establish which strategies can be used to address the factors affecting performance of learners with visual impairment in mathematics. The study used a case study research design and qualitative approach was employed, utilizing observations, focus group discussions, and semi-structured interviews with 10 learners (VIL), 6 teachers (Tr.), and 4 school administrators (SA). The findings revealed a range of contributing factors, including the scarcity of Braille mathematics textbooks, inadequate resources, insufficient assistive technology and negative attitudes towards mathematics. Furthermore, societal stigma, environmental factors, and the absence of continuous professional development for teachers were identified as significant factors. The study highlights the urgent need for targeted interventions, such as enhancing mathematical resource availability, improving teacher training in mathematics with special education, and increasing parental involvement in mathematics learning. Based on the study findings, it was recommended that increasing the availability of Braille mathematics textbooks and enhancing teacher training through continuous professional development were essential strategies to improve the performance of learners with visual impairment in mathematics. A further research on factors affecting performance of visually impaired learners in mathematics can be done to other districts which have such schools.
Abstract: This study focused on factors affecting the performance of learners with visual impairment in mathematics at Magwero School for the Visually Impaired in Chipata District of Eastern province. The research objectives were to establish factors affecting the performance of learners with visual impairment in mathematics, to explore how the factors affec...
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Research Article
Nutrient Patterns and Their Associations with Clinical Malaria Among Children Aged 6-23 Months in Siaya County, Kenya: A Cross-sectional Analysis
Michael Mbata,
Charles Angira,
Shehu Awandu,
John Oguso,
Austine Okinyo,
Isaac Okeyo*,
Erick Muok
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
70-80
Received:
27 September 2023
Accepted:
13 August 2025
Published:
19 September 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajnhs.20250603.16
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Abstract: Malaria remains a public health concern among young children in sub-Saharan Africa. Climate change may deplete essential nutrients in major food crops. The impacts of climate-sensitive nutrients on clinical malaria are yet to be established. This study aimed at identifying nutrient patterns and their cross-sectional associations with clinical malaria among young children living in rural Kenya. We used baseline data of a cluster-randomized controlled trial with 506 children aged 6-23 months, recruited within the Siaya Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) between August and December 2021. We performed physical examinations, malaria microscopy, medical history taking, and questionnaire-based interviews on socio-demographic and dietary variables. Nutrient patterns were derived by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with orthogonal rotation. Multiple-adjusted logistic regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and p-values for the associations of nutrient patterns with clinical malaria (defined as Plasmodium spc. with fever (≥37.5°C) or a history of fever or prescribed anti-malaria medication) and anemia (Hb <11g/dL). In this study population (boys: 54%; mean age: 15.0 ± 5.0 months), 12% had clinical malaria and 73% had anemia. Two nutrient patterns were identified: The fibre- and micronutrient pattern explained 4% of the variation in nutrient intakes, and the fat- and protein pattern explained 2%. Stronger adherence to the fibre- and micronutrient pattern tended to increase the chance of clinical malaria (OR per 1 score-standard deviation increase: 2.18; 95% CI: 0.86, 5.56). There was no association of the fat- and protein pattern with clinical malaria, and both patterns were not associated with anemia. In conclusion, clinical malaria and anemia are common among young children in Siaya County, Kenya. On this background, enhanced availability of climate-sensitive micronutrients may increase their risk of clinical malaria.
Abstract: Malaria remains a public health concern among young children in sub-Saharan Africa. Climate change may deplete essential nutrients in major food crops. The impacts of climate-sensitive nutrients on clinical malaria are yet to be established. This study aimed at identifying nutrient patterns and their cross-sectional associations with clinical malar...
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Research Article
Compliance of Prenatal Care and Delivery Outcome of Obstetrics Patients at Bicol Medical Center
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
81-88
Received:
19 August 2025
Accepted:
1 September 2025
Published:
23 September 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajnhs.20250603.17
Downloads:
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Abstract: Prenatal care is the health care that both the woman and baby receive before giving birth. The main purpose of the study is to determine the relationship between compliance to prenatal care and its delivery outcome among OB patients admitted. This study were conducted from June 1 2020 to June 14, 2020 and used the descriptive-correlational design and sampling technique through purposive sampling method in obtaining data. Researcher utilized a questionnaire and interviewed mothers belonging to the inclusion criteria. Data were collated, submitted to the expert, and categorical regressions were used for analysis. The result showed that among the 388 mothers, majority of them belong to the age ranges from 20-35, single, unemployed, primigravida, and coming from the 3rd district of Camarines Sur. The compliance of prenatal care among mothers are on high standard and its delivery outcome is good. The characteristics are significant predictors to pre natal care however pre natal care is not significantly correlated with the delivery outcome. With this result, researcher still recommends to have at least 4 pre natal care as recommended by World Health Organization which is classified as moderate standard of care. Researchers does however suggests that future researchers can proceed to high-risk pregnant mothers as their respondents to compliance on pre natal care and its delivery outcome being the next step on this study.
Abstract: Prenatal care is the health care that both the woman and baby receive before giving birth. The main purpose of the study is to determine the relationship between compliance to prenatal care and its delivery outcome among OB patients admitted. This study were conducted from June 1 2020 to June 14, 2020 and used the descriptive-correlational design a...
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