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Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn and the Use of Prophylactic Antibiotics
Dalal Saadoun,
Leen Doya,
Adnan Dayoub,
Oday Jouni
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
1-4
Received:
29 July 2020
Accepted:
10 August 2020
Published:
22 January 2021
Abstract: Background: Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTNB) is a common cause of respiratory distress in late preterm and full-term infants. It is caused by a delay in the clearance of fetal lung fluids. Although TTNB is a self-limited condition, prophylactic antibiotics usually administered for 48-72 hours until negative blood culture is reported. Objective: In this study, we aim to identify the relationship between using prophylactic antibiotics and the duration of tachypnea and hospitalization in neonates with TTNB. Materials and Methods: this was a cohort study design included 102 infants with TTNB. The infants were divided into two groups, one received supportive care, and the other received supportive care with intravenous antibiotics. The clinical signs and laboratory results were examined in the two groups. Results: Of total 102 infants who were included in this study, 41 (40.2%) were received supportive care with prophylactic intravenous antibiotics. There were no significant differences between two groups in terms of gender, gestational age, birth weight, mode of delivery, and white blood cell. A significant relation was found between receiving prophylactic antibiotics with the duration of tachypnea and hospitalization. Conclusions: In the recent study, we found an increase in the hospitalization and tachypnea period in the group received antibiotics.
Abstract: Background: Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTNB) is a common cause of respiratory distress in late preterm and full-term infants. It is caused by a delay in the clearance of fetal lung fluids. Although TTNB is a self-limited condition, prophylactic antibiotics usually administered for 48-72 hours until negative blood culture is reported. Objec...
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Phytochemical Analysis of Salvadora oleoides and Withania somnifera: An Insight into Their Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Capabilities
Javed Ali Lakho,
Aneela Taj,
Nadir Ali Rind,
Syed Habib Ahmed Naqvi
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
5-11
Received:
22 November 2020
Accepted:
9 December 2020
Published:
10 March 2021
Abstract: Salvadora oleoides and Withania somnifera are the commonly found plants of Pakistan that are known to possess various medicinal properties. Present study was designed to evaluate the presence of various phytochemicals in these plants both qualitatively and quantitatively. This study was concluded with accessing the antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials of these phytochemicals against E. coli, Shigella Spp, Aspergillus terreus and Aspergillus niger. In addition qualitative analysis of phytochemical constituents i.e. alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins and terpanoids and quantitative analysis of total proteins, sugars, reducing sugars, phenolics and flavonoids was performed. Plant extracts were also checked for the existence of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Results revealed the presence of a wide range of phytoconstituents including alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins and terpenoids in both the plants. Quantification of few pharmaceutically important phytoconstituents showed the diversified response. Presence of antioxidants was confirmed in S. oleoides (2.14±SD mg/mL) in methanol extracts of leaves and water extract of leaves of W. somnifera (1.97±SD mg/mL). Methanolic extracts of leaves, bark and roots of both the medicinal plants showed inhibitory effects against both fungal and bacterial strains used. Our findings provide strong evidence that these medicinal plants possess phytoconstituents of pharmaceutical importance and thus may serve as an effective alternative to routine therapeutics.
Abstract: Salvadora oleoides and Withania somnifera are the commonly found plants of Pakistan that are known to possess various medicinal properties. Present study was designed to evaluate the presence of various phytochemicals in these plants both qualitatively and quantitatively. This study was concluded with accessing the antioxidant and antimicrobial pot...
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Microencapsulation of Extracts from Corn Hair: A Study on Drug Release and Anticancer Activity
Prajakta Kulkarni,
Madhumita Tawre,
Mahesh Dere,
Ayesha Khan
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
12-22
Received:
10 February 2021
Accepted:
19 March 2021
Published:
30 March 2021
Abstract: Corn silk contain inherently substantial flavonoid that contribute to its antioxidant and anticancer activity. The objective of the present study was to fabricate a system for efficient delivery of the anticancer compounds using microencapsulation technique. Methanolic corn silk extract was microencapsulated in the polymer Poly (d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) – PLGA using the solvent extraction method. The physicochemical properties such as size, morphology and physical state of free and encapsulated microparticles were measured by dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The in vitro release of compounds were studied and quantified using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Spherical and relatively small (d=485.9) polymeric microparticles were obtained containing flavonoids with encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 60.66%. In vitro release profile exhibit a slow, sustained release and follows the first order kinetic with release rate 3.34 x 10-3 m-1s-1. The release characteristics data showed that the drug is released from the microsphere even after 108 h. For in vitro cell-based assays, the MTT cell viability assay was performed on HeLa, NIH 3T3 cell lines while cellular uptake of the drug was studied using fluorescence microscopy. Fluorescence studies confirm drug uptake by the cells within 24 h of treatment. For confirmation of mode of cell death Flow Cytometry and DNA ladder assay was performed. The blank polymeric microparticles were non-toxic to cell while, the drug loaded microparticles exhibit apoptic cell death. Thus an efficient delivery system is achieved after encapsulation, that provides protection and controlled release of the bioactive compounds.
Abstract: Corn silk contain inherently substantial flavonoid that contribute to its antioxidant and anticancer activity. The objective of the present study was to fabricate a system for efficient delivery of the anticancer compounds using microencapsulation technique. Methanolic corn silk extract was microencapsulated in the polymer Poly (d,l-lactide-co-glyc...
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Effect of PDCA Cycle Management Mode on Drug Loss in Inpatient Pharmacy
Xuliang Wu,
Jufeng Li,
Yanru Luo,
Zhidong Zhang
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
23-26
Received:
27 February 2021
Accepted:
20 March 2021
Published:
30 March 2021
Abstract: Objective: To assess effect of PDCA cycle management mode on drug loss in inpatient pharmacy. Methods: From January 2019 to December 2020, we collected the data from hospital work record of inpatient pharmacy each season and data of total drug loss. The valid data of scrap drugs included item name, specification, packing, quantity, wholesale price, expiry date, and scrap reason. In scrap drugs record of hospital, the inpatient pharmacy managers often record drug data from actual situation of inpatient pharmacy and documents from the drug supplier. In addition, we also collected the change of for each season, and compare the result between 2019 and 2020. Result: The results showed that the number of damaged batches reported in 2019 was significantly higher than the number reported in 2020 (122 vs 77), with a difference of 68% between them. Among the drug loss amount, the loss amount increased with the increase of the number of batches reported to be damaged, and the result of loss amount differed by 54%. In quarter records, we observed that most of the losses occurred in the first quarter and the fourth quarter, with monetary losses of around RMB 2,000 in 2020 and about RMB 3,200 in 2019. Compared with 2019 group, there is a lower amount loss (RMB 10,157.88 vs RMB 5515.14) in the amount loss caused by drug loss in 2020, and the annual reported loss in 2020 group is 54% of the annual reported loss in 2019. Further, the dollar loss for each quarter in 2020 group was lower than for each quarter in 2019. Conclusion: PDCA cycle management mode effectively reduced drug broken event, that it provided continuous improvement as the inpatient pharmacy carried out this cycle management.
Abstract: Objective: To assess effect of PDCA cycle management mode on drug loss in inpatient pharmacy. Methods: From January 2019 to December 2020, we collected the data from hospital work record of inpatient pharmacy each season and data of total drug loss. The valid data of scrap drugs included item name, specification, packing, quantity, wholesale price,...
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