Research Article
Laser-based Heat Treatment Process Development for Laser Metal Deposition Layer/s on Heat-sensitive Alloy 17-4 PH: A Systematic Review
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, June 2026
Pages:
1-22
Received:
9 December 2025
Accepted:
20 December 2025
Published:
6 February 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajmsp.20261101.11
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Abstract: Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) is a powerful technique for fabricating and repairing complex metal components. However, it often results in residual stresses, uneven microstructures, and inconsistent mechanical properties due to the rapid thermal cycling. Laser-Based Heat Treatment (LBHT) offers a precise, localised post-processing solution to address these challenges, but its application to 17-4 PH stainless steel processed with LMD remains underexplored. This systematic review analysed 55 peer-reviewed studies published between 2015 and 2025, sourced from Scopus, Web of Science, Taylor & Francis Online, and IEEE Xplore. It focused on how LBHT processes parameters such as laser power, scan speed, laser beam diameter, and over-lap ratio affect microstructural evolution, stress relief, precipitation behaviour, and recovery of mechanical performance in LMD 17-4 PH. The review highlights the advantages of LBHT over conventional furnace heat treatments. However, significant gaps remain, including the lack of standardised process parameters, the minimal integration of in situ LBHT during LMD, and limited long-term performance data. Key recommendations include developing hybrid LMD-LBHT systems, applying machine learning to optimise process parameters, and establishing standardised testing and evaluation protocols. This review provides a comprehensive foundation for driving research and enabling reliable use of LBHT in the additive manufacturing of 17-4 PH components.
Abstract: Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) is a powerful technique for fabricating and repairing complex metal components. However, it often results in residual stresses, uneven microstructures, and inconsistent mechanical properties due to the rapid thermal cycling. Laser-Based Heat Treatment (LBHT) offers a precise, localised post-processing solution to addres...
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Annelize Botes
