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Research Article
Smart Agriculture and Environmental Monitoring:
An Edge-AI, IoT, and Federated Learning Framework for Climate-Resilient Farming
Zarin Subha Progga
,
Mohammad Ali*
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, December 2026
Pages:
112-123
Received:
6 September 2026
Accepted:
21 September 2026
Published:
9 October 2026
Abstract: This study presents a system architecture, algorithm, and evaluation protocol for smart agriculture and environmental monitoring. It is a method/architecture contribution and does not report field trial results. World food production is still under stress from climate variability, the availability of freshwater resources, and the cost of farm inputs, offering an incentive to transition to data-driven and sensor-based farm management practices. Internet of Things (IoT)-based agricultural monitoring is well developed, but most systems deployed focus on a single parameter (e.g., soil moisture) or the parameter is inferred solely in the cloud, adding latency and fragility to the deployment of systems in rural areas. In this study, we propose an integrated architecture for low-power multiparameter environmental sensing, LoRaWAN/NB-IoT connectivity, edge-based lightweight inference, and privacy-preserving federated learning with cross-farm model aggregation, which is further complemented by a digital twin layer for scenario simulation. The decision layer of the framework can combine data from ground sensors with UAV and satellite images for the multi-scale monitoring of crop health and environmental quality (air, water, and GHG proxies). We contribute the full system design, an algorithmic pipeline, a sensor and model configuration specification, and a pre-registered evaluation protocol intended to guide future field deployment; no field data have yet been collected and clearly labelled non-empirical templates showing the expected reporting format only, rather than measured outcomes. The architecture and protocol are instead grounded in, and cross-checked against, published state-of-the-art results, which report an accuracy range of 82–97% for federated crop-yield prediction and 20–30% water savings from sensor-controlled irrigation.
Abstract: This study presents a system architecture, algorithm, and evaluation protocol for smart agriculture and environmental monitoring. It is a method/architecture contribution and does not report field trial results. World food production is still under stress from climate variability, the availability of freshwater resources, and the cost of farm input...
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Research Article
Micro-Scale Environmental Justice: Community-Based Settlement Governance in RT 08/RW 04 Malaka Jaya, Jakarta, Under Indonesian Environmental Law
Taufiq Supriadi,
Sahat Parlindungan Simarmata*,
Ester Stefany Sahelangi,
Aliza Sakinah
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, December 2026
Pages:
124-136
Received:
14 July 2026
Accepted:
23 September 2026
Published:
9 October 2026
Abstract: Dense urban settlements in Indonesia continue to face unequal access to green spaces, adequate sanitation, functional drainage systems, and proper waste management. This condition reflects issues of environmental justice, in which vulnerable groups disproportionately bear environmental risks due to high population density, limited land availability, and weak local governance. Although the principle of environmental justice has a constitutional basis in Article 28H of the 1945 Constitution and Law No. 32 of 2009, its implementation at the micro level—particularly at the Neighborhood Association (Rukun Tetangga/RT) level—remains rarely examined analytically. This study aims to analyze the extent to which community-based governance in RT 08/RW 04, Malaka Jaya Sub-district, Duren Sawit District, East Jakarta, realizes the distributive, procedural, and recognition dimensions of environmental justice, and to identify enabling and constraining factors. The research employs a descriptive qualitative case study approach using participatory observation, in-depth semi-structured interviews with seven key informants, and documentation of RT Online data and relevant regulations. Data were analyzed thematically based on the three-dimensional environmental justice framework, supported by source and method triangulation. All three dimensions of environmental justice were reflected through relatively equitable distribution of green facilities, collective participation in drainage and waste management, and recognition of residents' local knowledge. Structural risks such as density, limited land, and flood history were mitigated through inclusive leadership, technology-based data transparency, and multi-stakeholder collaboration. However, participation gaps and limitations in macro-level drainage infrastructure remain challenges. This study contributes conceptually and practically by offering an analytical model of RT-level governance grounded in environmental justice, adaptable to other dense urban settlements, and highlighting the need to formalize participatory mechanisms and data transparency at the sub-district and district levels.
Abstract: Dense urban settlements in Indonesia continue to face unequal access to green spaces, adequate sanitation, functional drainage systems, and proper waste management. This condition reflects issues of environmental justice, in which vulnerable groups disproportionately bear environmental risks due to high population density, limited land availability...
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Research Article
Understanding Landslide Risk, Building Resilience: Integrating Science, Policy, and Practice for Safer Communities: The Sierra Leone Experience
Edwin Sam-Mbomah*
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, December 2026
Pages:
137-142
Received:
5 September 2026
Accepted:
18 September 2026
Published:
20 October 2026
Abstract: Landslides are complex natural hazards resulting from interactions among geological, geomorphological, hydrological, climatic and anthropogenic processes. In Sierra Leone, these risks are intensified by rapid urbanisation, environmental degradation, inadequate land-use planning and limited institutional capacity. The 14 August 2017 Regent landslide in the Freetown Peninsula demonstrated the severe consequences of rainfall triggered slope failure interacting with flooding, infrastructure vulnerability and human exposure. This study examines how landslide science, public policy and practical risk reduction measures can be integrated to promote safer and more resilient communities in Sierra Leone. It specifically considers the physical and human drivers of landslide risk, the contribution of inventories, susceptibility mapping, remote sensing, geospatial analysis and rainfall information, and the translation of scientific knowledge into planning, governance and community action. The paper adopts an integrated hazard-exposure-vulnerability-capacity framework and uses the Sierra Leone experience, particularly the Freetown Peninsula, as a case study. It synthesizes evidence from landslide inventories, susceptibility assessments, remote sensing studies, climate risk assessments, disaster risk policies and institutional developments. The analysis considers interactions among rainfall, terrain, land-use change, urbanisation, exposure, vulnerability and institutional capacity. The analysis shows that landslide risk in Sierra Leone is produced by the interaction of physical susceptibility and accumulated social vulnerability. The 2017 Regent event illustrates the importance of considering cascading processes, including landslide material, drainage networks, flood pathways and downstream exposure. Although scientific research, geospatial technologies and national disaster risk institutions are doing their utmost, gaps remain in risk communication, data management, community inclusion, infrastructure resilience and coordination between policy and implementation. Effective landslide risk reduction requires a shift from reactive disaster response towards integrated, anticipatory and community-centered resilience. Connecting geoscience, remote sensing, engineering, climate science, spatial planning, ecosystem management, governance and community knowledge can help ensure that scientific evidence directly informs development and risk reduction decisions.
Abstract: Landslides are complex natural hazards resulting from interactions among geological, geomorphological, hydrological, climatic and anthropogenic processes. In Sierra Leone, these risks are intensified by rapid urbanisation, environmental degradation, inadequate land-use planning and limited institutional capacity. The 14 August 2017 Regent landslide...
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Research Article
Mechanistic Insights into Impacts of Microplastics on Anammox
Linlin Zhang,
Yongxin Zhao*
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, December 2026
Pages:
143-149
Received:
15 October 2026
Accepted:
18 October 2026
Published:
31 October 2026
Abstract: Microplastics (MPs) are pervasive emerging contaminants in wastewater, potentially affecting microbially mediated nitrogen removal process. However, the intricate interactions between MPs and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) remain poorly understood. To address the potential threat posed by MPs in municipal wastewater to Anammox process, this study established sequencing batch Anammox systems spiked with colored polyethylene MPs to investigate their impact mechanisms on nitrogen removal efficiency, cellular survival strategies, and microbial community structure dynamics. The results indicated that MPs significantly inhibited nitrogen removal, with NH4+-N removal efficiency in the aged red MPs group decreased to 71.0%. Toxicological mechanism analysis revealed that aged MPs exacerbated cellular oxidative stress, leading to a malondialdehyde content 7.6 times higher than that of the control. This induced severe membrane damage, reduced energy synthesis, impaired electron transfer, and weakened stress resistance, thereby inhibiting nitrogen removal and Anammox activity. Metagenomic analysis further suggested that aged red MPs reduced the abundance of Planctomycetota by 54%, with decreases of 32.3% and 40.3% for Candidatus Brocadia and Candidatus Kuenenia, respectively, indicating that aged MPs significantly inhibited the proliferation of Anammox microbiome. This study elucidated mechanisms underlying suppression of Anammox by MPs, providing a theoretical basis for MP risk management in wastewater treatment.
Abstract: Microplastics (MPs) are pervasive emerging contaminants in wastewater, potentially affecting microbially mediated nitrogen removal process. However, the intricate interactions between MPs and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) remain poorly understood. To address the potential threat posed by MPs in municipal wastewater to Anammox process, this...
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Research Article
Magneto-responsive Poly (Ionic Liquid) Fe3O4@CS@P[VEIm]Br Nanoparticles for High-Efficiency Separation of Oil-Water Emulsions
Mingxin Zheng,
Lei Wu,
Liwen Gao,
Ruxue Wu,
Yueting Shuai,
Ning Zhang*,
Ping Cui
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, December 2026
Pages:
150-163
Received:
8 October 2026
Accepted:
27 October 2026
Published:
10 November 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajese.20261004.15
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Abstract: Discharging untreated emulsified oily wastewater directly into the environment may present potential hazards to both ecological stability and human health. Therefore, the development of efficient and recyclable demulsification materials for the treatment of emulsified oily wastewater is of considerable importance. In this study, Fe3O4 particles were selected as the substrate, and chitosan (CS) was grafted onto their surface via a cross-linking method. Poly (ionic liquids) were then stably anchored onto the chitosan-modified Fe3O4 through the synergistic effects of hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. As a result, a magnetic-responsive poly (ionic liquid) composite particle, denoted as Fe3O4@CS@P[VEIm]Br, was successfully fabricated. The demulsification performance of the prepared composite particles was systematically evaluated. The experimental results showed that, under the conditions of an oil–water ratio of 10:90 and a salinity of 50 g/L, Fe3O4@CS@P[VEIm]Br at a dosage of 40 g/L achieved a demulsification efficiency of 99.0% within 10 min. In addition, after 10 consecutive reuse cycles, the demulsification efficiency remained above 93.0%, demonstrating excellent demulsification performance, salt tolerance, and recycling stability. Combined with the characterization results obtained from optical microscopy, contact angle measurements, and FT-IR analysis, a possible demulsification mechanism was proposed. The amphiphilic demulsifier can rapidly migrate to and accumulate at the oil-water interface, where it undergoes anion exchange with dodecylbenzene sulfonate in the surfactant. This process disrupts the original oil-water interfacial balance, promotes the rupture and coalescence of emulsion droplets, and thereby enables efficient emulsion separation. The results of this study indicate that Fe3O4@CS@P[VEIm]Br has promising application potential for the efficient treatment of emulsified oily wastewater, and the proposed mechanism provides useful insight into the design of magnetic-responsive poly (ionic liquid) demulsifiers with high efficiency, salt tolerance, and good reusability.
Abstract: Discharging untreated emulsified oily wastewater directly into the environment may present potential hazards to both ecological stability and human health. Therefore, the development of efficient and recyclable demulsification materials for the treatment of emulsified oily wastewater is of considerable importance. In this study, Fe3O4 particles wer...
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Research Article
Alkali Metal Potassium-Synergistically Driven Dual-Phase High-Entropy Layered Double Hydroxide/Spinel Heterostructure for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, December 2026
Pages:
164-171
Received:
9 October 2026
Accepted:
3 November 2026
Published:
10 November 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajese.20261004.16
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Views:
Abstract: The sluggish kinetics of the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water electrolysis for hydrogen production and its heavy dependence on noble metal catalysts restrict the large-scale application of green hydrogen energy. In this work, we designed and prepared a self-supported dual-phase high-entropy layered double hydroxide/spinel (HELDH/HESO) heterostructured oxygen evolution electrocatalyst, (K)-NiCoFeCrCe-HELDH/HESO@NF, synergistically driven by alkali metal potassium (K). Through a one-step hydrothermal method, six metal salts containing K, Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, and Ce were co-deposited on a nickel foam (NF) substrate, yielding a self-supported electrode with a three-dimensional nanosheet structure and moderate pore size. The introduction of catalytically inactive alkali metal K into the lattice induces lattice expansion and distortion, optimizes the electronic density of states of adjacent transition metals (Ni, Co, Fe), and regulates the d-band center position, thereby optimizing the adsorption free energies of oxygen-containing intermediates (OH*, O*, OOH*) and significantly enhancing the intrinsic OER activity. The dual-phase LDH/spinel heterointerfaces provide high-density defects and unsaturated coordination sites, strengthening interfacial electronic regulation. In 1 M KOH electrolyte, (K)-NiCoFeCrCe-HELDH/HESO@NF requires only overpotentials of 279 mV and 355 mV to achieve current densities of 100 mA cm-2 and 1000 mA cm-2, respectively, outperforming the K-free counterpart electrode. In an anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolyzer under simulated industrial conditions, the electrode operated continuously at a constant current of 1 A for 100 h with only about 6.4% voltage increase, demonstrating excellent long-term stability. The preparation process is simple, reproducible, cost-controllable, and environmentally friendly, offering a new strategy for the development of efficient, stable, and low-cost non-noble-metal OER catalysts.
Abstract: The sluggish kinetics of the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water electrolysis for hydrogen production and its heavy dependence on noble metal catalysts restrict the large-scale application of green hydrogen energy. In this work, we designed and prepared a self-supported dual-phase high-entropy layered double hydroxide/spinel (HELDH/HESO...
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