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Relationships Between Concrete Tester (CTS02v4) and Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity in Determining Quality of Concrete; a Case Study of Atimbo Bridge in Nigeria
Rowland Adewumi,
Olushola Charles Adeniyi,
Garba Ahmad Ali
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, March 2023
Pages:
1-5
Received:
28 November 2022
Accepted:
19 December 2022
Published:
13 January 2023
Abstract: The research examines the relationship between the use of a concrete tester (CTS02v4) and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) based on the strength characteristics of the Atimbo bridge in the cross-river state of Nigeria. The best fit approach for the cts02v4-UPV relationship under various circumstances is developed by carefully analyzing the correlation between these data sets. As a result, the relation between concrete strength and the CTS-UPV formula is developed by this investigation. From the technical investigation, the residual compressive strength of the concrete abutment was found to be between 29.0 N/mm2 and 40.0 N/mm2. This value is still within the range compared to the expected design value of about 40 N/mm2. The cover to the reinforcement of certain capping beams has an outline of reinforcements, which signifies poor concrete cover, and the mean compressive strength is less than 20 N/mm2. The objectives of this paper are to increase the understanding of processes and the applicability of versatile equipment by making comparisons between the experimental results for both the concrete tester (CTS02v4) and the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), which were used to evaluate the structural integrity of the Atimbo Bridge. Comparisons were made between the UPV method and the concrete tester method using statistical analysis.
Abstract: The research examines the relationship between the use of a concrete tester (CTS02v4) and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) based on the strength characteristics of the Atimbo bridge in the cross-river state of Nigeria. The best fit approach for the cts02v4-UPV relationship under various circumstances is developed by carefully analyzing the correlati...
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Large Scale Demonstration of Irrigated Wheat Production Technologies in Bedeno District of Eastern Hararghe Zone, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia
Oromia Megersa,
Fekadu Tadesse,
Lalisa Ofga,
Zeleke Legesse,
Hussein Abro
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, March 2023
Pages:
6-12
Received:
20 December 2022
Accepted:
7 February 2023
Published:
21 February 2023
Abstract: Increasing wheat production and productivity depends on the use of improved technologies as well as producing during rainy and offseason using irrigation. The aim of this study is to promote improved varieties of wheat under irrigation in the study area. The activity was conducted at Hara Deneba kebele of Bedeno district. Farmers were selected based on their interest, land ownership, willingness to share experiences for other farmers and clustered according to their land adjacent to each other. 195 farmers were directly benefited from the technology. The number of participants on training and field day organized were 57 and 67 respectively. Ogolcho and Pavan -76 wheat varieties were used for demonstration purpose. The seed rate and urea fertilizer rate were 150kg/ha, while 100kg/ha NPS was used. Training and field day were organized to evaluate performance of the varieties and shared the lessons with different stakeholders. The average productivity of Ogolcho and Pavan-76 in quintal per hectare was 40.73 and 33.51 respectively. There was significant mean difference between Ogolcho and pavan-76 varieties in terms of mean yield in quintal per hectare at 1% significance level. The improved Ogolcho variety yield in the study area is profitable as compared to the yield potential of the Pavan-76 variety as well as locally produced wheat. Therefore; the concerned body should work on the sustainability of the recommended improved wheat variety for Bedeno and similar agro-ecologies.
Abstract: Increasing wheat production and productivity depends on the use of improved technologies as well as producing during rainy and offseason using irrigation. The aim of this study is to promote improved varieties of wheat under irrigation in the study area. The activity was conducted at Hara Deneba kebele of Bedeno district. Farmers were selected base...
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Macroeconomic Determinants of Inflation in Ethiopia: A Time Series Analysis
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, March 2023
Pages:
13-19
Received:
28 October 2022
Accepted:
22 November 2022
Published:
27 February 2023
Abstract: In the last decades, Ethiopia has been one of the fastest growing non-oil producing countries in the world. Along with the economic growth, inflation has been rising. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to identify the major macroeconomic factors affecting inflation in Ethiopia for the year 1981 - 2020. Secondary data were collected from World development indicators database. Both econometrics and descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. The findings of the descriptive result indicated that for forty years the mean official exchange rate was 10.13birr/dollar with standard deviation of 8.6Birr/dollar. The mean inflation rate for Ethiopia was 9.44% with a minimum of -9.81% and a maximum value of 44.39%. Growth of GDP was 5.91% with standard deviation of 6.45%. In order to show long run and short run relationship between variables, vector error correction regression model was applied. Before estimation, stationery test was conducted using dickey fuller test. Inflation rate and growth of GDP were stationary at level while exchange rate and unemployment rate were non-stationary. Therefore, vector error correction model was justifiable. The result of vector error correction model confirmed that there is a significant relationship between devaluation of exchange rate and inflation. Therefore, in order to control inflationary pressure appropriate polices must be designed which compromises unemployment, economic growth and exchange rate regimes.
Abstract: In the last decades, Ethiopia has been one of the fastest growing non-oil producing countries in the world. Along with the economic growth, inflation has been rising. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to identify the major macroeconomic factors affecting inflation in Ethiopia for the year 1981 - 2020. Secondary data were collected fro...
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An Overview of Implications and Suggestions for Reducing Temperature Rise in Buildings Located in the Tropics
Charles Munonye,
Oluchi Ifebi,
Nkechi Maduka,
Michael Ngobili
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, March 2023
Pages:
20-26
Received:
23 January 2023
Accepted:
17 February 2023
Published:
27 February 2023
Abstract: Climate models predict that greenhouse gas warming will cause temperatures to rise faster in the coming years with a serious impact on people living in the tropics. The building sector is acknowledged as one of the highest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions, and poorly designed buildings are not capable of proving thermal comfort to building occupants. This paper presents an overview of how the built environment can respond to this global threat of climate change. It observed that human behavior through adaption to changes in indoor temperatures may be one of the solutions to these rising temperatures. Furthermore, building materials that are good conductors of heat were found to be unsuitable for use in building construction. The application of passive design strategies in buildings located in tropical climates can minimize energy consumption and at the same time improve the thermal comfort of the occupants. Furthermore, an effective way to minimize energy consumption in warmer climates is to select appropriate building materials that contribute to cooling the indoor temperature. This paper recommends that properly designed naturally ventilated buildings that consider sustainable building materials can respond to the globally rising temperatures. The information gathered from the overview of this paper will serve as a guide to professionals in the built environment.
Abstract: Climate models predict that greenhouse gas warming will cause temperatures to rise faster in the coming years with a serious impact on people living in the tropics. The building sector is acknowledged as one of the highest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions, and poorly designed buildings are not capable of proving thermal comfort to building ...
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Comparative Analysis of Comfort Temperature of School Children and Their Teachers
Charles Munonye,
Michael Ngobili,
Chukwunonso Umeora,
Ifebi Oluchi,
Nkechi Maduka,
Chijioke Onwuzuligbo
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, March 2023
Pages:
27-39
Received:
23 January 2023
Accepted:
20 February 2023
Published:
15 March 2023
Abstract: Thermal comfort in learning environments influences the student’s focus and learning productivity. This study aims to evaluate and compare the adaptive thermal comfort of schoolchildren and their teachers in naturally ventilated primary schools in some selected cities in Imo State Nigeria. To achieve these objectives, the study analyzed the data collected from 330 pupils and 44 teachers in six surveyed classrooms in two types of classroom buildings. The recorded data in the surveyed classrooms consisted of four environmental factors and two personal factors. At the same time, the subjects filled out the questionnaires asking them about thermal sensation and thermal preferences against the classrooms’ thermal requirements. The results of the measurements showed that the indoor mean air temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity were 29.1°C, 71.2%, and 0.19m/s, respectively. The mean thermal sensation votes of the children were +0.16 while that of their teachers was +0.58. The preferred temperatures were 27.4°C and 29.4°C for the schoolchildren and the teachers, respectively. Furthermore, the comfort range of the students was between 25.8°C - 31.6°C, and that of the teachers was between 28.0°C - 29.9°C. Based on the results of this study conducted in primary school buildings located in warm and humid climates, the thermal comfort perception of children and adults differ. This information will serve as a guide to professionals in the built environment, especially architects when designing primary school buildings in the warm and humid climates.
Abstract: Thermal comfort in learning environments influences the student’s focus and learning productivity. This study aims to evaluate and compare the adaptive thermal comfort of schoolchildren and their teachers in naturally ventilated primary schools in some selected cities in Imo State Nigeria. To achieve these objectives, the study analyzed the data co...
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Avocado Nursery as Business Source: Success Story of Youth Groups in the Case of Aleta Wondo and Soro Districts, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, March 2023
Pages:
40-43
Received:
9 December 2022
Accepted:
23 February 2023
Published:
20 March 2023
Abstract: Agriculture is available and essential sector to create employment opportunity. The majority of the youth in Ethiopia live in rural areas where farming has been traditionally the main source of livelihood. Strengthening of seedling production was initiated to promote Avocado in Ethiopia. Youths in these areas benefitted in terms of income source and employment opportunity by producing improved avocado seedlings. The project was implemented in two districts (Soro and Aleta wondo) of Ethiopia. Jajura site from Soro district, Belisto Kebele from Aleta wondo were selected to conduct improved Avocado seedling produce. Job opportunity was created for 17 youths (10 male and 7 female) and their skill and knowledge on the Avocado seedling grafting techniques and nursery management improved. Majority of youths have knowledge and skill on bed preparation, seedling care, grafting and avocado improved varieties. Improved and grafted avocado seedlings were accessed for the surrounding farmers in affordable price. Nursery considered as business source in the study area. The fruit supply system has already started to scale up and out beyond the study sites, calling for strong support of the intervention. It is therefore believed that, in addition to district, zonal and regional level offices, the Ethiopian agricultural research institute will be strongly involved in regulating these efforts.
Abstract: Agriculture is available and essential sector to create employment opportunity. The majority of the youth in Ethiopia live in rural areas where farming has been traditionally the main source of livelihood. Strengthening of seedling production was initiated to promote Avocado in Ethiopia. Youths in these areas benefitted in terms of income source an...
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