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Understanding the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: Empirical Evidence from Bangladesh
Ashique Mahmud,
Md. Ataul Gani Osmani,
Shoria Sharmin,
Swarajit Sarker,
Neropoma dey Shampa
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, June 2023
Pages:
44-52
Received:
5 July 2022
Accepted:
15 August 2022
Published:
21 June 2023
Abstract: In the first quarter of the twenty-first century, the most substantial global concern is environmental contamination, and it has gained the prioritization of both the national and international community. Keeping in mind this crucial fact, this study conducted different statistical and econometrical methods to identify whether the gross national income of the country has a significant impact on electricity production from nonrenewable sources and different air pollutants like carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane emissions. Besides, the primary objective of this research was to analyze whether the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis holds for the examined variables. After analyzing different statistical properties of the variables, this study came to the conclusion that the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis holds for gross national income and carbon dioxide emission in Bangladesh in the short run as well as the long run. This study comes to this conclusion based on the findings of ordinary least square estimations; ARDL bound tests, short run causality analysis, the Error Correction Model, and other pre-diagnostic and post-diagnostic tests that have been employed in the structural model. Moreover, this study wants to demonstrate that the outline of gross national income and carbon dioxide emissions is in its initial stage of development and will increase up to the optimal peak. The compositional effect will then force the emission to decrease, and the environmental quality will be restored in the long run.
Abstract: In the first quarter of the twenty-first century, the most substantial global concern is environmental contamination, and it has gained the prioritization of both the national and international community. Keeping in mind this crucial fact, this study conducted different statistical and econometrical methods to identify whether the gross national in...
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Pre-extension Demonstration of Improved Tef Varieties in the Potential Growing Areas of West Shewa Zones of Oromia, Ethiopia
Endale Mekonnen,
Hana Amare
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, June 2023
Pages:
53-57
Received:
8 May 2023
Accepted:
19 June 2023
Published:
6 July 2023
Abstract: This research trial was implemented in Ejere, Ejersa, Lefo and Dendi districts of west Shewa zone Oromia with the objective of demonstrating the newly released teff variety Ebba and Niguse with standard check Dagime to the smallholder farmers of selected districts. Three districts and three Kebeles from every district were purposively chooced based on accessibility and potentiality for teff production. After selecting farmers training was provided across the districts. Then after, two variety, Ebba and Niguse (a newly released variety) as well as Dagime (as standard checks) were planted on 20m*15m adjacent plots on 6 farmers’ and 3 FTC field. All advised agronomic technics were equally applied to each plots. Organized team of researchers, Farmers and development agent collaboratively evaluated the varieties were reached maturity. Despite the modest distinctions in requirements stablished by farmer’s plant height, disease tolerance, lodging resistance, Tilering ability, seed color, seed size, early maturity, straw yield, grain yield, were the common selection criteria across all locations. Ebba exceed the standard checks and has met the criteria of the farmers. With regard to yield, 22 qt/ha, 20.03 qt/ha and 18.33 qt/ha were obtained from Ebba, Niguse and Dagime; respectively putting Ebba on the first rank. Ebba gave yield advantage of 3.67qt/ha and 16.68% yield increment over the standard cheek Dagime. The net benefit that were obtained from Ebba, Niguse and standard cheek Dagime were 67619.15 ETB, 59969.15 ETB and 63969.15 ETB respectively Given that the farmers desired requirements were met by the verity Ebba hence Based on these result obtained fact, Ebba variety with recommended input was suggested for next scale up and cluster farming for demonstration districts and other comparable location.
Abstract: This research trial was implemented in Ejere, Ejersa, Lefo and Dendi districts of west Shewa zone Oromia with the objective of demonstrating the newly released teff variety Ebba and Niguse with standard check Dagime to the smallholder farmers of selected districts. Three districts and three Kebeles from every district were purposively chooced based...
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The 7+7 Method Used in Venezuela and Multi-Level Collective Action in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Becker Sanchez,
Maziad Naime
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, June 2023
Pages:
58-67
Received:
1 June 2023
Accepted:
21 June 2023
Published:
6 July 2023
Abstract: The governments of the world implemented a quarantine in March 2020 when a pandemic was declared by the COVID-19. We start from the premise that everything would depend on the social representations about the pandemic, a variable that impacted all dimensions and scales of the socio-institutional structures. In Venezuela since March 16, 2020, the government decreed a radical quarantine and a method called 7+7. The article shows the multi-level collective action of socio-institutional actors with emphasis on the south of Venezuela because of its border linkage with Brazil. The fieldwork was conducted between March 2020 - December 2021, with a real-time research approach on the processes of interactions between the actors involved. As a result, the collective actions undertaken between the levels of government and its institutions, the private sector and civil society were significant in containing the spread of the virus. The form and method for the management of information and communication that allowed making explicit the norms, agreements and functional rules in a pandemic in the midst of complex and confusing social representations are highlighted and it is concluded that the following were determinant: the 7+7 quarantine scheme and the actions at the local level as a result of the agreements between the majority of the segments of society.
Abstract: The governments of the world implemented a quarantine in March 2020 when a pandemic was declared by the COVID-19. We start from the premise that everything would depend on the social representations about the pandemic, a variable that impacted all dimensions and scales of the socio-institutional structures. In Venezuela since March 16, 2020, the go...
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Identify the Social and Economic Impact of the Rajagiriya Flyover Construction
Hansi Piyumi Nisansala Karadugoda Kankanamge
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, June 2023
Pages:
68-74
Received:
19 November 2022
Accepted:
15 December 2022
Published:
20 July 2023
Abstract: Well-organized delivery of urban services and an efficient transportation system can be considered the keystones on which the success of a metropolitan area primarily depends. An appropriate and adequate transport system is a main requirement for the sustainable economic and social development of cities. The Rajagiriya flyover has direct and indirect beneficial impacts on the economy of Colombo, which is in the main district of Sri Lanka. But the construction of these kinds of structures is close to populated town areas, and they are surrounded by a natural environment. And also, they will have some unfortunate impacts on the social, physical, and ecological environments. The main objective of this study was to identify the social and economic impact of the Rajagiriya flyover construction. Hence, to achieve the target, 50 commuters, 50 traders, both permanent and mobile, surrounding the flyover, and 50 householders were selected through the purposive sampling method. Focus-group discussion and questionnaire surveying techniques were used to collect primary data from around the Rajagiriya junction, while other secondary data sources such as traffic and land use data were also collected. The study found heavy congestion along the Sri Jayawardenapura Mawatha between 07:30 h and 09:00 h in the morning and 16:30 h and 19:45 h in the evening, with the majority of the sample being daily commuters. During the construction period, fuel consumption was higher than before. People encountered two major issues: fuel waste and having to stay in the flyover for an extended period of time. Before the flyover construction, 85% of the customers visited their shops. But after the construction, the number of customers was as low as 25%, the traders said. Finally, the researcher found that the number of vehicles is higher than before the construction. As a result, traffic congestion has increased even more than before. Moreover, this study demonstrated that the construction of the flyover project was a failure due to an insufficient feasibility study.
Abstract: Well-organized delivery of urban services and an efficient transportation system can be considered the keystones on which the success of a metropolitan area primarily depends. An appropriate and adequate transport system is a main requirement for the sustainable economic and social development of cities. The Rajagiriya flyover has direct and indire...
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