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Research Article
Determining Factors Influencing ICTs’ Role in the Interaction Between Financial Inclusion and Agricultural Productivity in Senegal
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
85-99
Received:
8 March 2026
Accepted:
23 March 2026
Published:
10 April 2026
Abstract: This article aims to determine the factors that influence the role of ICTs’ role in the interaction between financial inclusion and agricultural productivity in Senegal over the period 2008-2022. The paper use of an ARDL model to show that financial inclusion has a significant negative effect on agricultural value added in Senegal in both the short and long term. However, ICTs via mobile phones do not have a positive impact on the relationship between financial inclusion and agricultural productivity in the short term. But in the long term, they improve the relationship between financial inclusion and agricultural productivity in Senegal. Agricultural land influences positively the agricultural value added in the long term, but negatively in the short term. As for the interaction between the financial inclusion index and mobile phone use, it contributes positively to Senegal's agricultural production, both in the short and long term. Therefore, to promote agricultural productivity in Senegal, the government must establish a financial system tailored to farmers' needs. It must also strengthen mobile infrastructure and promote financial inclusion through mobile telephony to enable greater use of mobile financial services, especially in rural areas. Regarding access to land resources, the Senegalese government must develop more agricultural land to improve agricultural productivity, which will in turn positively impact financial inclusion, productivity, and agricultural value added.
Abstract: This article aims to determine the factors that influence the role of ICTs’ role in the interaction between financial inclusion and agricultural productivity in Senegal over the period 2008-2022. The paper use of an ARDL model to show that financial inclusion has a significant negative effect on agricultural value added in Senegal in both the short...
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Research Article
A Critical Evaluation of Japa Syndrome and Its Effect on the Socio-Economic Development in Nigeria
Olaniyi Akintunde Akinola
,
David Luka Gofwan*
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
100-107
Received:
11 March 2026
Accepted:
30 March 2026
Published:
14 April 2026
Abstract: This study explores the impact of Japa Syndrome on Nigeria's socio-economic development. The phrase "Japa Syndrome" (migration) is a recent phenomenon in our nation’s history, frequently used by young people who feel disillusioned and tired of the current circumstances. The youth, considered bridge builders and future leaders, are predominantly the ones departing the country each day in pursuit of better opportunities. The pace at which Nigerians are leaving the country is concerning. These circumstances have adversely affected the nation’s socio-economic development and growth, as those identified as able to manage and contribute to economic and political progress are leaving daily. What factors contribute to this large-scale migration? What impact does Japa Syndrome have on our socio-economic progress and national development? What must be done to stop this menace among the youth population? What strategies can we implement to address the issue of brain drain in our country? What role must the government play to control this surge? These and other salient questions this article seeks to answer. This study adopts the push and pull theory of migration developed by Ernst Georg Ravenstein in his work, “Law of Migration” (1885). The specific objectives of this paper are to ascertain how unemployment, insecurity, unstable political situations, and, worst of all, leadership failure in the nation have led to mass migration; assess their implications on our national development; and propose effective strategies to manage this Japa Syndrome among Nigerians for the sake of national and socio-economic development.
Abstract: This study explores the impact of Japa Syndrome on Nigeria's socio-economic development. The phrase "Japa Syndrome" (migration) is a recent phenomenon in our nation’s history, frequently used by young people who feel disillusioned and tired of the current circumstances. The youth, considered bridge builders and future leaders, are predominantly the...
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Research Article
Stakeholders Engagement in the Gentrification Process in Sub Sahara Africa: Constrains and Pathways for Bamenda City, North West Region, Cameroon
Mildred Endam Acha*
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
108-123
Received:
29 April 2026
Accepted:
21 May 2026
Published:
5 June 2026
Abstract: Stakeholders and policy instruments in different context construe gentrification. Successful neighborhood rehabilitation across the globe is a product of active stakeholders’ engagement. However, in Sub Sahara Africa, successful neighbourhood revitalization is precluded by numerous constrains. While much scholarly works on gentrification focuses on trends and patterns, more comprehensive studies are required to a) examine the role and lead stakeholder in the gentrification process in Bamenda, b) investigate constrains to stakeholder’s efforts in gentrifying the city of Bamenda. The study employed the exploratory, survey and comparative research designs suitable to monitor and compare the activities of different stakeholders, 18 key informant interviews were conducted with different categories of stakeholders to understand their role and constrains. This was complimented by administering 180 questionnaire to the general population using the purposive sampling and snowball techniques. Secondary data was obtained from exploring project documents of stakeholders and diverse scientific works of scholars. Quantitative and qualitative methods using SPSS version 20 and Micro Excel version 2016 were used to analyse data. The Chi Square test was utilize to ascertain the lead stakeholder in the gentrification process in Bamenda. Findings reveal that multiple stakeholders categorized into international, state and local stakeholders are involved in the gentrification process in Bamenda. While local stakeholders lead gentrification in Bamenda all three categories of stakeholders play crucial roles in leading gentrification. However, the process is constrained by political instability, financial limitations, institutional lapses, administrative gridlock inter alia. To sustainably enhance stakeholders’ effort in the gentrification process of Sub Sahara, this paper therefore recommends the following policy actions. Streamlining and standardizing administrative procedures to reduce administrative gridlock, encouraging more inter-departmental coordination to foster collaboration with task specification to minimize institutional lapses, tax relief programs, land value capture and incentivising developmental attempts to minimize financial burden among others.
Abstract: Stakeholders and policy instruments in different context construe gentrification. Successful neighborhood rehabilitation across the globe is a product of active stakeholders’ engagement. However, in Sub Sahara Africa, successful neighbourhood revitalization is precluded by numerous constrains. While much scholarly works on gentrification focuses on...
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Research Article
Physico-chemical Quality and Diversity of Cysts of Enteropathogenic Protozoa in Water from Wells and Boreholes in the City of Douala, Cameroon
Kapso Tchouankep Mireille*,
Mbog Therese Diazine,
Chinche Sylvie Belengfe,
Koji Ernest,
Nguepidjo Gilbert,
Teukam Soh Willy,
Tonmeu Douyong Chimene Sandrine,
Teufack Elisabeth,
Tindo Maurice,
Ajeagah Gideon,
Lehman Leopold Gustave,
Akono Ntonga Patrick
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
124-132
Received:
27 January 2026
Accepted:
1 June 2026
Published:
26 June 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijsdr.20261202.14
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Abstract: In developing countries, access to drinking water in urban areas is limited. People living in certain neighbourhoods rely on wells (W) and boreholes (B) for their water needs. The aim of this study was to assess the physico-chemical and biological quality, and in particular the diversity of enteropathogenic protozoa present in this commonly used water in the city of Douala. Bi-monthly water samples were collected at 12 water points from July 2023 to March 2024. The physicochemical analyses consisted of measuring temperature, pH, salinity and total dissolved solids using a Water quality tester (WQT) multimeter model EZ-9909SP. Protozoans were isolated by direct slide staining, tube staining and concentration methods before observation under a light microscope at 40X magnification. The results show that the groundwater studied is acidic (pH =5.6±0.07 UC), with a salinity of up to 0.3 USP and rich in Total dissolved solids (TDS) (86 to 400 ppm). Biological analyses revealed the presence of 4 groups of protozoa and 11 species. Enteric protozoan cysts were mainly represented by rhizopods, with mean densities of 116 ± 23 cysts/L in well W1 and 96 ± 37 cysts/L in well W3. In well W6, flagellates reached a peak of 40 ± 6 cysts/L. In the well water, ciliates were virtually absent, while rhizopod cysts were more abundant in B1 (60 cysts/L) and B6 (34 cysts/L). Sporulated forms were present in the borehole water with an average density ranging from 14 (B1) cysts/L to 32 cysts/L (B5). On a time plan, the highest abundance was recorded in the dry season. Significant positive correlations were observed between flagellate viability and TDS (r= 0.324; p=0.000). Ciliates were significantly and positively correlated with salinity (r= 0.324; p=0.000). Rhizopods are inversely correlated to TDS (r= -0.181; p=0.030). The exogenous matter brought in by pollution considerably increases the adherence of cysts in biofilms and hence their abundance. Analysis has identified pH non-compliance as a critical and widespread water quality issue affecting all sampled wells and boreholes during both the rainy and dry seasons As recommendation, to suspend use of W3 for direct drinking water until pH correction is implemented. W3 recorded the lowest pH (~4.0–4.5), representing the highest health risk. Advise boiling and pH correction prior to consumption until permanent treatment is in place. Deploy pH correction units as an emergency measure at W1–W5 and all borehole sites.
Abstract: In developing countries, access to drinking water in urban areas is limited. People living in certain neighbourhoods rely on wells (W) and boreholes (B) for their water needs. The aim of this study was to assess the physico-chemical and biological quality, and in particular the diversity of enteropathogenic protozoa present in this commonly used wa...
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