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Research Article
The Advertiser’s Dilemma on YouTube: Balancing Ad Irritation with Informational and Entertainment Value
Muhammad Ali Khan*
,
Haseeb Ullah
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, March 2026
Pages:
1-11
Received:
12 September 2025
Accepted:
4 February 2026
Published:
24 February 2026
Abstract: This study investigates the dual role of YouTube as a platform for both user gratification and commercial advertising, exploring the complex interplay between positive user experiences and disruptive ad encounters. To address this, the paper develops and empirically tests an integrated model that examines how social and entertainment gratifications, alongside perceived ad irritation, collectively influence advertising value and user intentions. A cross-sectional survey design was employed, gathering data from 359 active YouTube users. The relationships in the proposed model were tested using Pearson correlation analysis. The findings indicate that social gratifications positively enhance entertainment value and that both entertainment and informational content can increase advertising value, though through different mechanisms. Crucially, the study uncovered a counter-intuitive positive correlation between ad irritation and perceived advertising value, challenging the conventional view that annoyance universally destroys value. Theoretically, this research contributes a holistic framework that integrates Uses and Gratifications (U&G) theory with Psychological Reactance Theory (PRT) and Media Context Theory. Practically, the findings provide actionable insights for advertisers, highlighting the need for context-aware strategies that balance ad intrusiveness with the user's primary motivation for viewing, whether it be for entertainment or information.
Abstract: This study investigates the dual role of YouTube as a platform for both user gratification and commercial advertising, exploring the complex interplay between positive user experiences and disruptive ad encounters. To address this, the paper develops and empirically tests an integrated model that examines how social and entertainment gratifications...
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Research Article
The Role of Islamic Mutual Funds in Economic Development: Contemporary Insights and Policy Perspectives (2014-2024)
Said Sami Al Hallaq*,
Anas Ghazalat
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, March 2026
Pages:
12-27
Received:
2 November 2025
Accepted:
26 January 2026
Published:
24 February 2026
Abstract: This paper examines the evolving role of Islamic Mutual Funds “IMFs.” as strategic instruments for promoting inclusive and sustainable economic development during the period 2014–2024. Grounded in the ethical and moral framework of Shari‘ah, Islamic mutual funds have emerged as vital financial intermediaries that mobilize savings, enhance financial inclusion, and channel investments into productive, asset-backed sectors of the real economy. The study integrates both theoretical and empirical perspectives, linking the finance–growth nexus with Islamic principles of equity, transparency, and social justice. Empirical evidence indicates that global Islamic fund assets exceeded USD 250 billion by 2024, with the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and Malaysia leading in innovation, regulatory advancement, and market integration. Case studies from these regions demonstrate that Islamic mutual funds have become key enablers of capital formation, infrastructure financing, SME development, and employment generation, thereby supporting Vision 2030 initiatives and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 8, 9, and 10). These funds not only provide competitive financial returns but also promote ethical governance, transparency, and resilience against speculative volatility. Despite this progress, the sector continues to face challenges such as regulatory fragmentation, limited market liquidity, and shortages in human capital with dual expertise in Shari‘ah and finance. To address these constraints, the paper proposes policy recommendations focused on regulatory harmonization, digital transformation, ESG integration, and professional capacity-building to strengthen the industry’s role in sustainable development. Ultimately, Islamic mutual funds demonstrate that profitability and social purpose can coexist within a framework of moral capitalism, offering a viable model for ethical financial intermediation in the twenty-first century.
Abstract: This paper examines the evolving role of Islamic Mutual Funds “IMFs.” as strategic instruments for promoting inclusive and sustainable economic development during the period 2014–2024. Grounded in the ethical and moral framework of Shari‘ah, Islamic mutual funds have emerged as vital financial intermediaries that mobilize savings, enhance financial...
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Research Article
Appraisals of Tricycle Operations as Tools for Employment Creation in the Asokore Mampong Municipality of Ghana
Yahaya Mohammed*
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, March 2026
Pages:
28-34
Received:
21 August 2025
Accepted:
27 January 2026
Published:
24 February 2026
Abstract: This study examines the role of commercial tricycle operations in employment creation and income generation within the Asokore Mampong Municipality. The findings reveal that tricycle transportation has emerged as a significant livelihood option for many residents, particularly in response to low wages and limited opportunities in the formal and informal job sectors. A considerable number of individuals who are engaged in tricycle riding for profit reported that their involvement was motivated by dissatisfaction with earnings from previous occupations, while others were drawn into the sector due to persistent unemployment. As a result, commercial tricycle operations have made a significant contribution to reducing unemployment by absorbing a substantial segment of the municipality’s jobless population. Survey results indicate that an overwhelming majority of respondents (94.68%) agree that the use of tricycles for commercial purposes has facilitated employment opportunities for unemployed residents in the municipality. Only a small proportion (5.31%) of respondents expressed disagreement, suggesting a broad consensus on the employment benefits associated with the tricycle transport sector. Beyond job creation, respondents also emphasised the economic advantages derived from the tricycle value chain, which includes riders, owners, mechanics, fuel vendors, and spare parts dealers. Interestingly, the study reveals that tricycle riders are perceived as the primary beneficiaries within this chain, even though most riders do not own the tricycles they operate. Instead, many riders work under ownership arrangements, renting or operating tricycles on a daily sales basis for private owners. Even under such arrangements, riders reportedly earn relatively higher and more stable incomes compared to other actors involved in the tricycle business. Overall, the findings suggest that commercial tricycle operations play a crucial role in livelihood diversification, employment creation, and economic resilience in the Asokore Mampong Municipality, highlighting their importance in local economic development strategies.
Abstract: This study examines the role of commercial tricycle operations in employment creation and income generation within the Asokore Mampong Municipality. The findings reveal that tricycle transportation has emerged as a significant livelihood option for many residents, particularly in response to low wages and limited opportunities in the formal and inf...
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Research Article
Household’s Willingness to Pay for Conserving Historical and Cultural Heritages in Assosa Zone, Western Ethiopia
Chirotaw Tsegaw*,
Alelgn Takele
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, March 2026
Pages:
35-44
Received:
28 January 2026
Accepted:
20 February 2026
Published:
4 March 2026
Abstract: This study examined smallholder farmers' willingness to pay (WTP) for conserving cultural and historical heritages in Assosa Zone, Ethiopia. Using a multi-stage random sampling technique, 261 farmers were surveyed, employing a double-bounded dichotomous choice and open-ended contingent valuation method. Results showed that 61.69% (161 farmers) were willing to participate in conservation efforts. The Heckman two-stage model revealed key factors influencing participation and WTP. Marital status, extension contact frequency, social organization membership, and credit access positively influenced willingness, while sex, age, household size, and off-farm income had negative effects. In the second stage, off-farm income, extension contact, and social membership increased WTP, whereas age, marital status, and credit access reduced it. Farmers' mean WTP was estimated at 141.92 Birr (closed-ended) and 134.97 Birr (open-ended) per hectare annually. The study recommends government and stakeholders prioritize conservation strategies to enhance farmers' participation and WTP, ensuring sustainable heritage preservation in the region.
Abstract: This study examined smallholder farmers' willingness to pay (WTP) for conserving cultural and historical heritages in Assosa Zone, Ethiopia. Using a multi-stage random sampling technique, 261 farmers were surveyed, employing a double-bounded dichotomous choice and open-ended contingent valuation method. Results showed that 61.69% (161 farmers) were...
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Research Article
Digital Financial Services and Financial Performance: Empirical Evidence from Private Commercial Banks in Ethiopia
Darara Anbesa Balami*,
Dilgasa Bedada Gonfa
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, March 2026
Pages:
45-55
Received:
3 February 2026
Accepted:
26 February 2026
Published:
14 March 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.iecon.20260101.15
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Abstract: This study examines the effect of digital financial services on the financial performance of private banks in Ethiopia from 2015 to 2024, analyzing internet banking, mobile banking, ATMs, POS terminals, bank size, and liquidity as independent variables. Using a quantitative explanatory design, secondary data were collected from six private banks via the National Bank of Ethiopia and bank websites, with financial performance measured by Return on Assets. Panel data analysis employing a random effects regression model in Stata 18 reveals that bank size and liquidity have a positive and significant impact on financial performance. However, internet banking shows a negative and significant effect, while mobile banking users and POS terminals exhibit negative but insignificant relationships, and ATM terminals demonstrate a positive but insignificant effect. These mixed findings indicate that although digital financial services are increasingly adopted, their contribution to bank profitability remains context-dependent. The study recommends that Ethiopian private banks strengthen liquidity management through high-quality liquid assets and pursue expansion via mergers, acquisitions, and geographic diversification into underserved areas. Policymakers, including the National Bank of Ethiopia and the Ministry of Finance, are encouraged to support strategic initiatives that foster innovation and sustainable growth within the banking sector.
Abstract: This study examines the effect of digital financial services on the financial performance of private banks in Ethiopia from 2015 to 2024, analyzing internet banking, mobile banking, ATMs, POS terminals, bank size, and liquidity as independent variables. Using a quantitative explanatory design, secondary data were collected from six private banks vi...
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Research Article
The Effects of Cost on the Profitability of an Organization: A Case of Grand Cereals and Oil Mills Limited, Nigeria
Adamu Daniel Kamaru*
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, March 2026
Pages:
56-63
Received:
23 October 2025
Accepted:
6 November 2025
Published:
14 March 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.iecon.20260101.16
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Abstract: This study investigates the effects of cost on the profitability of Grand Cereals and Oil Mills Limited (GCOML), Nigeria. The study specifically examines the relationship between production cost and profitability, identifies the role of proper costing in organizational growth, evaluates the impact of sales on profit performance, and assesses how value-added tax (VAT) influences net income. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted, and secondary financial data covering 2007–2016 were obtained from GCOML’s headquarters. The data were analyzed using Simple Correlation and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with SPSS (version 25). The findings reveal a strong negative correlation between cost of production and profitability, indicating that rising costs significantly reduce profit margins. Sales, however, show a strong positive correlation with profitability, demonstrating that increased revenue enhances profit levels. VAT exhibits a negative correlation with profitability, implying that high tax obligations lower net returns. The ANOVA results further confirm that cost of production, sales, and VAT jointly have a statistically significant effect on profitability (F = 15.62, p < 0.05). The study concludes that effective cost control, improved operational efficiency, and strategic pricing are essential for strengthening profitability in manufacturing firms. It recommends the adoption of cost-minimization techniques, continuous process improvement, enhanced revenue strategies, and tax-planning measures to improve financial performance.
Abstract: This study investigates the effects of cost on the profitability of Grand Cereals and Oil Mills Limited (GCOML), Nigeria. The study specifically examines the relationship between production cost and profitability, identifies the role of proper costing in organizational growth, evaluates the impact of sales on profit performance, and assesses how va...
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Research Article
Determinants of Market Supply Along the Apple Market Chain: In Case of Sinan District, East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia
Mamaru Abebe Ayalew*,
Seblewongiel Solomon Worku
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, March 2026
Pages:
64-80
Received:
31 July 2025
Accepted:
20 February 2026
Published:
14 March 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.iecon.20260101.17
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Commercializing smallholder farmers in the fruit production is an indispensable path to boost the household income and economic growth in Ethiopia. Apple is the main source of income in Sinan district. However, the district faces various production and marketing problems of apple. Therefore, the study was designed to analysis market chain of apple specifically to identify the determinants of apple supply to the market and to assess of market structure, conduct and performance of apple in Sinan district, East Gojjam zone, Ethiopia. The study used data from primary and secondary sources. A random sampling procedure was used to draw a sample of 121 apple producers. Multiple linear regression model and marketing margin were used to analysis the collected data. The market concentration ratio (37.8%) of the four largest firms was shown that the market structure were weak oligopolistic nature in the study area. The market margin shows that retailers were taken the highest market margin from the available actors. The output of OLS model shows that man equivalent, land size, market distance, access to market information, experience and frequency of extension contact were the key variables influencing the amount of apple provided to the market. The authors suggest that the government and concerned bodies should develop market information delivery system, aware farmers to use land efficiently and wisely, build better roads in apple growing areas and allow access for transport vehicles to cut down transportation expense and product damage during the route to market.
Abstract: Commercializing smallholder farmers in the fruit production is an indispensable path to boost the household income and economic growth in Ethiopia. Apple is the main source of income in Sinan district. However, the district faces various production and marketing problems of apple. Therefore, the study was designed to analysis market chain of apple ...
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