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Pre-extension Demonstration of Improved Faba Bean Varieties in Highlands of Guji Zone, Southern Oromia, Ethiopia
Girma Amare,
Basha Kebede,
Dembi Korji
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, November 2021
Pages:
258-263
Received:
10 September 2021
Accepted:
5 October 2021
Published:
5 November 2021
Abstract: The activity was conducted in 2019/20 main rainy season at Bore, Dama and Ana Sora districts of Guji Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. The objectives of the activity were to evaluate the yield performance of improved faba bean technologies under farmers’ condition, evaluate cost-benefit ratio (income of farmers) and to build farmers’ knowledge and skill on faba bean production and management practices and to collect feedbacks from the participants for further research design and the way. Two Kebele per district were selected based on faba bean production potential and 15 farmers were selected from each Kebele as one FRGs member based on willingness, wealthy status and gender consideration. Thus, a total of 6 FRGs comprising 90 farmers (64 male & 26 female) were established. One improved faba bean variety (Aloshe) was demonstrated with standard check (Walki) on the plot size of 100 m2 area. Spacing of 40cm between rows and 10cm between plants was used and recommended rate of fertilizer and seed were also maintained equally for all plots. Training, exchange visit and field day were organized to create awareness and enhance farmer to farmer learning on faba bean production. Totally, 113 stockholders participated during training, 33 during exchange visit and 137 stockholders during field day organized. Observation, measurement and face to face interview were employed to collect the data and the collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and farmer’s feedbacks were analyzed qualitatively. The demonstration result revealed that improved variety and standard check were almost comparable average grain yield which gave 4060 kg ha-1 and 3960 kg ha-1, respectively. Thus, based on grain yield obtained, farmers’ feedbacks and economic return (52,632 and 50,743 ETB) from Aloshe and Walki varieties respectively are recommended for further scaling up/out.
Abstract: The activity was conducted in 2019/20 main rainy season at Bore, Dama and Ana Sora districts of Guji Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. The objectives of the activity were to evaluate the yield performance of improved faba bean technologies under farmers’ condition, evaluate cost-benefit ratio (income of farmers) and to build farmers’ knowledge and skill on f...
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Evaluation of Different Blended Fertilizer Types and Rates for Better Production of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at Adiyo District, South West Ethiopia
Ute Guja,
Konjit Abreham,
Tatek Mekuria,
Henok Tsegaye
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, November 2021
Pages:
264-268
Received:
4 September 2021
Accepted:
23 September 2021
Published:
12 November 2021
Abstract: Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important food crop and source of income for farmers. It is the most responsive crop to fertilizer application. Field experiment was carried out on farmer's field in 2016/17 and 2017/18 main cropping seasons to evaluate the response of bread wheat to different blended fertilizers types and rates at Adiyo district, Southwestern Ethiopia. Eight treatments: Control (T1), four rates of NPSB: (46N, 54P2O5, 10S, 1.07B (T2); 69N, 72P2O5, 13S, 1.4B (T3), 92N, 90P2O5, 17S, 1.7B (T4) and 92N, 36P2O5, 7S, 0.71B (T5)) and three rates of NPSB+Cu: T2+Cu (T6), T3+Cu (T7), T4+Cu (T8) were laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Crop parameters measured were analyzed using proc GLM procedures in the SAS 9.3 version. Analysis was also performed to investigate the economic feasibility of the fertilizers for wheat production. Results indicated that application of both types and three rates of each fertilizer significantly (p < 0.05) affected all tested parameters except thousand seed weight, which was improved by only T4. The highest biomass (14.80 ton ha-1) and grain yield (6.537 ton ha-1) were obtained from application of highest rate of NPSB+Cu (T8) whereas the lowest biomass (9.36 ton ha-1) and grain yield (3.657 ton ha-1) were obtained from untreated soil. The application of NPSB+Cu (T8) also gave highest net benefit of Birr 46637.10 and acceptable MRR% was 151.02%. Hence farmers at the study area and similar agro-ecology could use NPSB+Cu @ a rate (92N, 90P2O5, 17S, 1.7B) and 600 gm Cu as foliar application. However, further verification study is needed to give reliable and consistent recommendation.
Abstract: Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important food crop and source of income for farmers. It is the most responsive crop to fertilizer application. Field experiment was carried out on farmer's field in 2016/17 and 2017/18 main cropping seasons to evaluate the response of bread wheat to different blended fertilizers types and rates at Adiyo dis...
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Infectious Potential of the Causative Agent of Sunflower Phomopsis and Its Influence on Disease Expansion in Russia and Neighboring Countries
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, November 2021
Pages:
269-276
Received:
22 October 2021
Accepted:
15 November 2021
Published:
9 December 2021
Abstract: Phomopsis is a widespread sunflower disease in Russia and neighbouring countries. Phomopsis advanced infectious potential contributes to the disease expansion in the area of commercial sunflower cultivation in Eastern and South-eastern Europe. Phomopsis manifestation includes sunflower seed infection, pleomorphic sporulation of the pathogen in anamorphic stages and aerogenic inoculum of ascospores in the teleomorphic stage of its development. Infection of the seeds promotes the spread of the disease up to 9.5%; α and β spores produced during the anamorphic stage of the pathogen live cycle can infect sunflower plants with effectiveness close to 45.5%. Ascospores drive disease expansion defeating over 70% of plants in the local area. Three phytosanitary zones with different manifestations of Phomopsis are identified in the area of sunflower cultivation in Moldova, Ukraine, Russia and Kazakhstan. A distinct area where the disease is not represented forms the fourth zone. The territorial distribution of the zones and their sizes are presented in the form of a cartographic model in GIS with substantiation of the long-term territorial forecast of Phomopsis. Limitation of the sunflower Phomopsis expansion is possible only under the widespread application of the integrated protection system. Defining role in this disease protection system must belong to the sunflower assortment resistant to Phomopsis.
Abstract: Phomopsis is a widespread sunflower disease in Russia and neighbouring countries. Phomopsis advanced infectious potential contributes to the disease expansion in the area of commercial sunflower cultivation in Eastern and South-eastern Europe. Phomopsis manifestation includes sunflower seed infection, pleomorphic sporulation of the pathogen in anam...
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Pre-extension Demonstration of Soil Test Crop Response Based Recommended Phosphorus Fertilizer for Maize in Chora District in Southwestern Part of Oromia, Ethiopia
Suleiman Aman,
Gedefa Sori
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, November 2021
Pages:
277-282
Received:
27 October 2021
Accepted:
26 November 2021
Published:
11 December 2021
Abstract: Pre-extension demonstration of soil test crop response based phosphorus fertilizer recommendation for maize was conducted in Chora district with the objective of participatory demonstration of this technology under farmers’ condition in 2019 cropping season. Two treatments were (T1) blanket recommendation and (T2) soil test crop response based recommended phosphorus fertilizer with improved maize (BH-661) variety. The trial was conducted on eleven farmers’ fields which were used as replications. Plot size for each treatment was 16m x 32m with the spacing of 50cm and 80cm between seeds and rows respectively using seed rate of 25 kg ha-1 and with recommended optimum N-fertilizer rate of 92 kg ha-1. In each PAs, one FREG unit comprising of 20 farmers were established. About 90 (66 male and 24 female) participants were take part on field visit based training held during physiological maturity of maize. The average grain yield obtained with soil test crop response based Recommended phosphorus fertilizer was 59.64 qt ha-1 while blanket recommendation was 44.59 qt ha-1 with yield advantage of 34% in the study area. Likewise, economic analysis result showed that net of return 28836.10 and 23811.00 ETB per hectare could be gained from soil test crop response based p-fertilizer recommendation and blanket recommendation respectively with MRR 125.47%. Therefore, soil test crop response based recommended phosphorus fertilizer should further scale up/out to reach more maize producer farmers in area.
Abstract: Pre-extension demonstration of soil test crop response based phosphorus fertilizer recommendation for maize was conducted in Chora district with the objective of participatory demonstration of this technology under farmers’ condition in 2019 cropping season. Two treatments were (T1) blanket recommendation and (T2) soil test crop response based reco...
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Soil Quality Assessment of the Lower Niger River Plain Alluvial Soils in Bayelsa State, Nigeria, for Sustained Productivity
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, November 2021
Pages:
283-290
Received:
9 September 2021
Accepted:
4 October 2021
Published:
11 December 2021
Abstract: Floodplain soils worldwide are very useful for agricultural production and food security. But, the floodplains of Bayelsa State are under-utilized due to lack of technical information and knowledge on the nutrient status and other soil characteristics. This study therefore, assessed the soil quality of lower Niger River floodplain soils in Bayelsa State, Nigeria for sustained productivity and food security. Alluvial soils from different river plains in Bayelsa State, Southern Nigeria were characterized and fertility assessed. Pedogenic soil samples from the levee crest, middle slope, lower slope and recent alluvial soils from the channels of present active rivers were collected from identified genetic horizons of soil profiles and analyzed for physical and chemical properties using standard methods and the soils fertility status evaluated using Soil Fertility Index (SFI) and Soil Evaluation Factor (SEF). The soils were dominantly silt loam followed by silty clay loam and loam except Elemebiri 3 (ELM3) and Trofani 3 (TFN3), dominated by loamy sand and sandy loam. pH (5.31-7.00) was moderately acid to neutral and organic matter content, generally low to moderate, ranging from 0.19-3.88%. Total N values was also low while available P was low to moderate. The exchange complex was dominated by Ca2+ and ECEC values were low. The SFI values were higher than the SEF values in al the Soil Mapping Units (SMUs), contributed by pH, organic matter and phosphorus. Both SFI and SEF values decreased with increase in depth for all the soil mapping units except Trofani 1 (TFN1) where the bottom layers recorded higher SFI values and Elemebiri 3 (ELM3) for SEF. Though the soils nutrient concentration was generally low to moderate, both SFI and SEF evaluated the soils as fertile contributed mainly by organic matter, available P and pH. Since biomass accumulation contributed greatly to improvement of soil fertility and physical structure, soil organic matter maintenance should be given top priority in these soils for sustained productivity and food security.
Abstract: Floodplain soils worldwide are very useful for agricultural production and food security. But, the floodplains of Bayelsa State are under-utilized due to lack of technical information and knowledge on the nutrient status and other soil characteristics. This study therefore, assessed the soil quality of lower Niger River floodplain soils in Bayelsa ...
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Characterization and Evaluation of Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) for Yield and Related Traits in Assosa Zone, North Western Ethiopia
Mesay Paulos,
Gobeze Loha
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, November 2021
Pages:
291-297
Received:
22 November 2021
Accepted:
8 December 2021
Published:
24 December 2021
Abstract: Bambara groundnut is a future emerging legume is usually known as a poor man’s crop or as “women´s crop” and newly noted as crop for new millennium. It is highly nutritious nut with high content of essential amino acids such as methionine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, phenylalanine, threonine, valine and tryptophan that makes the crop as an important for food security. In this context, a field experiment was conducted during 2019/20 cropping season at Sonka testing site of Asosa zone in north western Ethiopia with objective to estimate the variability of bambara groundnut genotypes with respect to important quantitative and qualitative traits. Treatments consisted in 20 accessions collected from five distracts of Benishangul Gumuze province in north western Ethiopia. The treatments were laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. All the qualitative characteristics recorded for genotypes showed different modalities and frequencies at vegetative stage with 70.12% of the fully expanded leaflet colour, 74.26% oval terminal leaflet shape, 76.24% petiole green colour, 78.22% stem green colour, 88.27% sparse hair on their stems, 70.41% spreading types, 81.33% rounded base with a point at the top, 90.11% yellowish brown pods at harvest and 90.06% oval shaped seeds. With respect to quantitative traits, genotypes AMN/04/013, AMN/04/014, AMN/04/015, AMN/04/019 and AMN/04/020 gave relatively higher grain yield (>2000 kg/ha) with the highest grain yield recorded for genotype AMN/04/016. Thus, these genotypes showed relatively better adaptation at tested location. Higher correlation values were observed for days to maturity, plant height, number of stems per plant, pods per plant, seed per pod and HSW indicating that these traits are very important to be used in selection for the crop improvement. Agronomic and morphological evaluations have provided more accurate estimation of genetic diversity, the raw material of plant breeding. In general this study enabled to determine how the influential traits direct to improve bambara groundnut genotypes.
Abstract: Bambara groundnut is a future emerging legume is usually known as a poor man’s crop or as “women´s crop” and newly noted as crop for new millennium. It is highly nutritious nut with high content of essential amino acids such as methionine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, phenylalanine, threonine, valine and tryptophan that makes the crop as an importa...
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Effect of Integrated Application of Compost and NPS Fertilizer on Selected Soil Physicochemical Properties and Yield of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) at Welmera, Ethiopia
Worku Ajema,
Tesfaye Wakgari
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, November 2021
Pages:
298-310
Received:
15 November 2021
Accepted:
11 December 2021
Published:
29 December 2021
Abstract: Soil nutrient depletion under losing of soil organic matter content as a result of continuous cultivation and low input are among the major problems that constrain the sustainable productivity of yield of barley at Welmera district. Integrated application of compost and NPS fertilizers can be used to resolve this condition of soil. In this context, a study was conducted in 2019/2020 to determine the effect of combined use of compost and NPS blended fertilizer on soil physicochemical properties and yield of barley at Welmera district. In order to achieve this objective, field experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement and replicated three times. The results of this study showed that bulk density and total porosity of study area before planting were in acceptable range for barley crop production. The low content of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available sulfur made the fertility status of the soils low. To improve this condition of soil conventional compost and NPS fertilizer were applied to study area soil and combined application of compost at (8 t ha-1) and mineral NPS fertilizer at (150 kg ha-1) gave yield of 5.96 t ha-1. Therefore, based on the result of this study it can be concluded that low soil fertility status, which requires an urgent attention, is one of the major factors hampering the production and productivity of food barley at study area. However, the potential barley productivity of study area soil has not yet been exploited. Therefore, solving the soil fertility problems of the soils of study area through integrated application of compost and NPS fertilizer could be one option to reduce the yield gap seen between smallholder farmers and experimental fields. Hence, the current study recommends that in order to maintain soil fertility and sustain barley crop production combined application of compost at 8 t ha-1 and NPS fertilizer at 150 kg ha-1 can be the best alternative integrated soil fertility management option in place of the sole application of inorganic fertilizers for barley production at this area tentatively. Nevertheless, further studies at different locations for more than one cropping seasons should be considered to provide more conclusive recommendation for sustainable food barley production.
Abstract: Soil nutrient depletion under losing of soil organic matter content as a result of continuous cultivation and low input are among the major problems that constrain the sustainable productivity of yield of barley at Welmera district. Integrated application of compost and NPS fertilizers can be used to resolve this condition of soil. In this context,...
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Determination of NPS Fertilizer Rate Based on Calibrated Phosphorus for Yield of Tef in Girar Jarso District, North Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
Dereje Girma,
Tadele Geremu
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, November 2021
Pages:
311-316
Received:
19 November 2021
Accepted:
20 December 2021
Published:
31 December 2021
Abstract: Appropriate soil fertility management practices based on the actual limiting nutrients and crop nutrient requirement for a given crop is economic and judicious use of fertilizers for sustainable crop production. Moreover, application of balanced fertilizers and nutrient requirements of the crop is the basis to produce more crop yield from the land under cultivation. Accordingly, field experiment was conducted in 2019 & 2020 main cropping season to determine NPS fertilizer rate in relative to determined P-critical and P-requirement factor for tef and to estimate the economically feasible NPS fertilizer rate for higher yield of tef in Girar Jarso district. The indicate that, plant height, spike length, straw and grain yield was highly significantly (P<0.01) affected by NPS fertilizer rate. The highest plant height (86.32cm), spike length (32.51cm), straw yield (7004 kg ha-1) and grain yield (1622 kg ha-1) of tef was recorded from the application of 100% P-critical from NPS fertilizer rate supplemented with recommended Nitrogen whereas, the lowest value was recorded from the field without fertilizer which was significantly inferior to all other treatments. Furthermore, the economic analysis depicted that, application of NPS fertilizer at the rate of 100% P-critical in NPS fertilizer with recommended Nitrogen fertilizer (92 kg N ha-1) for the production of tef was more economically beneficial for the district. In conclusion, farmers could be advised to use 100% PC from NPS fertilizer rate with recommended nitrogen for tef production in the district.
Abstract: Appropriate soil fertility management practices based on the actual limiting nutrients and crop nutrient requirement for a given crop is economic and judicious use of fertilizers for sustainable crop production. Moreover, application of balanced fertilizers and nutrient requirements of the crop is the basis to produce more crop yield from the land ...
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