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Effect of NPS Fertilizer Rates on Growth, Yield and Yield Components of Maize in Shashemene District, West Arsi Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia
Amante Lemma,
Tilahun Abera,
Tilahun Firomsa
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, November 2022
Pages:
201-205
Received:
11 July 2022
Accepted:
16 September 2022
Published:
10 November 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijaas.20220806.11
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Abstract: Depilation of soil fertility from year to year due to natural and human made factors is a serious constraint for crop production in Ethiopia. Therefore, the application of actual balanced recommended fertilizer rates based on soil and crop type is one of the best agronomic practices to maximize production. A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive of cropping seasons to evaluate the effect of newly introduced NPS fertilizer rates on growth, yield and yield components of maize. The six treatments used for the field experiment were control (without fertilizer), 25%pc, 50%pc, 75%pc, 100%pc from NPS and 100%pc from TSP. Except for control recommended N ha-1 was used and the treatments were laid out in RCBD design with three replications. The results of the study revealed that application of 100%Pc from NPS fertilizer with 46 kg urea ha−1 gave a maximum mean of above ground biomass yield (35.32 ton/ha) and plant height (251.1cm). The highest mean of grain yield (8766 kg ha−1) was obtained by application rate of 75%Pc from NPS with 46 kg urea ha−1 and the lowest mean of grain yield was obtained from control (without application of fertilizer). According to partial budget analysis, the highest net benefit (60,156 ETB) with marginal rate of return (649%) was obtained from the application of 75%Pc from NPS fertilizer with recommended 46 kg urea ha-1. Therefore, this treatment produced maximum grain yields, together with the best economic benefit and could be recommended for the farmers in the study area to maximize maize production.
Abstract: Depilation of soil fertility from year to year due to natural and human made factors is a serious constraint for crop production in Ethiopia. Therefore, the application of actual balanced recommended fertilizer rates based on soil and crop type is one of the best agronomic practices to maximize production. A field experiment was conducted for two c...
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Determination of NPS Fertilizer Levels on Yield Components, and Yield of Maize at Dugda District, East Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
Tilahun Abera,
Tilahun Firomsa,
Abdurhman Husen,
Amante Lema
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, November 2022
Pages:
206-211
Received:
31 August 2022
Accepted:
4 October 2022
Published:
10 November 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijaas.20220806.12
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Abstract: Nutrient deficiencies are the most important problems influencing maize production in the mid and low altitude sub-humid agro-ecologies of Ethiopia due to limited use of commercial inputs and lack of soil fertility enriching rotations or fallows. Due this on-farm study of blended NPS fertilizer for maize was executed in Dugda District, East Shewa Zone of Oromia, during the main cropping seasons of 2018-2019. The main objective of the study was to assess the effect of of blended NPS fertilizer levels on yield and yield components of Maize variety (MHQ 138) and to determine economically appropriate level of blended NPS fertilizer for optimum maize crop production in Dugda District. The treatments were arranged based on already determined Phosphorous critical (Pc) and phosphorus requirement factor (Pf) and consisting of 100% Pc from TSP (Triple supper phosphate) fertilizer, 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% Pc from blended NPS fertilizer and control (no fertilizer application). Applied Phosphorus = (Critical P - Po)* Pf. Whereas Pc= 10 ppm and Pf = 4.68 ppm. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Inter and intra row spacing was 0.75 x 0.25m respectively. The results of the study showed that, different levels of phosphorus critical from blended NPS and TSP fertilizers did not significantly (p <0.05) influenced ear height, number of rows per ear and thousand kernels weight of maize crop in study area. However, plant height, biomass yield, grain yield, harvest index and cob weight were highly significantly (p <0.01) influenced by different levels of phosphorus critical from blended NPS and TSP fertilizers. The highest (2008cm) plant height, the highest (6123kg ha-1) grain yield, and the highest (52.67kg ha-1) cob weight were recorded by application of the highest 100% Pc (168kg ha-1) while the highest (20.14 tone ha-1) biomass yield and the highest (32.77%) harvest index were recorded by 100 pc TSP and 75% PC NPS respectively. The economic analysis showed that for a treatment to be considered as worthwhile to farmers (100% marginal rate of return) application of 100 Pc NPS (168 kg NPS ha-1) is profitable which gave the highest (35073 Birr) net return with acceptable (102%) marginal rate of return and recommended for farmers in Dugda district and other areas with similar Agro-ecological conditions.
Abstract: Nutrient deficiencies are the most important problems influencing maize production in the mid and low altitude sub-humid agro-ecologies of Ethiopia due to limited use of commercial inputs and lack of soil fertility enriching rotations or fallows. Due this on-farm study of blended NPS fertilizer for maize was executed in Dugda District, East Shewa Z...
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Influence of the Immunotropic Stimulant "Fitovac" on Seed Germination and Accumulation of Cotton Fruit Elements at Different Doses and Terms of Application
Ikramova Makhbuba Latipovna,
Rakhmatov Bakhtiyor Nimatovich
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, November 2022
Pages:
212-217
Received:
15 September 2022
Accepted:
4 November 2022
Published:
16 November 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijaas.20220806.13
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Abstract: The article presents data on the use of Fitovak of complex action for seed treatment and spraying of vegetative cotton plants in the period of appearance of 2-4 true leaves, budding at various consumption rates and terms. In a three-year study, it was noted that the 10-option appeared to be the best option. When seeds were soaked with Fitovak at a dose of 200 ml/t and 2-4 true leaves appeared and in budding, they were sprayed at a dose of 300 ml/ha with a preparation of vegetative cotton plants. At the end of the growing season (September), the height of one bush of plants reached an average of 100.6 cm, the number of fruit branches and mature bolls, respectively, was: 16.0-15.8 pieces per bush. The leaf surface area is 3158.7 cm2 per bush, the weight of one bush of raw cotton and a cotton boll, respectively: -108.4 -7.2 g, gross harvest - 50.9 c/ha. The yield increase was correspondingly higher by -5.7-4.1-3.8 c/ha, compared with the control and the standard. The best degree of seed germination (97.3%) turned out to be when seeds were soaked with Fitovak at the rate of 200 ml/t, which is 16.3-7% higher than the control, the reference variant. When applied three times during the growing season by Fitovak, the simultaneous action leads to the destruction of various fungal and bacterial diseases, increases resistance to adverse environmental conditions, accelerates the opening of boxes, shortens the growing season, increases yield, fiber quality and oil content in seeds.
Abstract: The article presents data on the use of Fitovak of complex action for seed treatment and spraying of vegetative cotton plants in the period of appearance of 2-4 true leaves, budding at various consumption rates and terms. In a three-year study, it was noted that the 10-option appeared to be the best option. When seeds were soaked with Fitovak at a ...
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Pre-extension Demonstration and Evaluation of Improved Teff Technology in Selected Districts of West Shewa, East and Horro Guduru Wollega Zones of Western Oromia, Ethiopia
Effa Wolteji,
Berhanu Soboqa,
Bayisa Gedafa,
Dubiso Gachano
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, November 2022
Pages:
218-224
Received:
17 January 2022
Accepted:
12 October 2022
Published:
23 November 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijaas.20220806.14
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Abstract: This activity was conducted in Dano, Jimma Arjo and Horro districts of Western Oromia with the objective of demonstrating the newly released teff variety Dursi against Kena and Guduru to the farming community in these districts. These districts were purposively selected based on accessibility and potentiality for teff production; and one potential PA from each district were selected based on the aforementioned criteria. After selecting and establishing the FRGs training was provided across the districts. Then after, one variety; Dursi (as newly released variety) as well as Kena and Guduru (as standard checks) were planted on 10 m*10 m adjacent plots on 12 farmers’ field. All recommended agronomic practices were equally applied to all the plots and the fields were closely supervised and were managed well. At maturity, the varieties were jointly evaluated with a team composed of researchers, Farmers and DAs. Despite the slight variability in criteria set by farmers at the respective locations yield, disease tolerance, seed color, plant height, pest resistance, tillering capacity, seed size, lodging resistant, early maturity, spike length, were the common selection criteria across all locations. In almost the entire criterion Dursi excel/beat the standard checks and has met the criteria of the farmers. With regard to yield, 18 qt/ha, 15 qt/ha and 13 qt/ha were obtained from Dursi, Guduru and Kena; respectively putting Dursi on the first rank. Besides; Dursi had yield advantage 14.51 % and 19.10 % than Guduru and Kena; respectively. Furthermore; statistically ANOVA table and mean yield comparison (t-test) results of on farm yield performances showed that as there is highly significant difference at (p˂0.05) among the varieties demonstrated. In terms of profitability, financial analysis result of the study also showed that using Dursi variety can make farmers’ more profitable than Guduru and Kena. As the variety has met the intended criteria of the farmers, the pre-scaling up activity should follow the next season.
Abstract: This activity was conducted in Dano, Jimma Arjo and Horro districts of Western Oromia with the objective of demonstrating the newly released teff variety Dursi against Kena and Guduru to the farming community in these districts. These districts were purposively selected based on accessibility and potentiality for teff production; and one potential ...
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Factors Affecting Adaptation Strategies of Smallholder Farmer’s to Climate Changes: Evidence from Dale Woreda in Sidama Regional State: Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, November 2022
Pages:
225-236
Received:
16 August 2022
Accepted:
14 September 2022
Published:
29 November 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijaas.20220806.15
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Abstract: The objective of this study was to analyzing factors that affect smallholder farmers’ choice of adaptation strategy and identifies adaptation measures to climate change in Ethiopia using Dale Woreda as a case study. The data was collected from 359 sample households using a survey questionnaire and was analyzed using both descriptive statistics and econometric methods. Multinomial logit model (MNL) was used to identify factors influencing smallholder farmers’ choice of adaptation strategies to climate change and variability. The adaptation strategies considered in the MNL model were crop diversification, growing drought tolerant crop, soil and water management, early and late planting and small scale irrigation practice. The result from the multinomial logit analysis showed that sex, education, farm experience, family size, farm income, farm size, distance to the market, soil fertility, access to credit, access to climate information, and extension access were significant factors influencing smallholder farmers’ adaptation strategies. a unit increases in number of years of education could increase 8.1% of the likelihood of adopting crop diversification, 1.8% of the likelihood of adopting growing drought tolerant crop and 1.2% of the likelihood of early and late planting as adaptation measures. The basic barriers to climate change adaptation on the farmers’ side are lack of credit access, lack of knowledge, lack of support from government, shortage of farm land, lack of climate information and lack of climate related problem. Therefore, expanding extension service, improving the availability of credit and enhancing research on use of new crop diversification and distributing drought tolerant crop varieties and encouraging continuous climate training center, disseminating climate information by local language through social media and providing modern tool for soil and water management and small scale irrigation by government are more suited in three agro-ecological zones.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to analyzing factors that affect smallholder farmers’ choice of adaptation strategy and identifies adaptation measures to climate change in Ethiopia using Dale Woreda as a case study. The data was collected from 359 sample households using a survey questionnaire and was analyzed using both descriptive statistics and ...
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Analysis of Tieghemella heckelii x Theobroma cacao L. Interaction in Traditional Agroforestry Systems in Western Cote d'Ivoire
Jean-Claude Nzi,
Antoine Alban Kacou Mbo,
Ange Kouakou Yann Cedric Letto,
Christophe Kouame
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, November 2022
Pages:
237-243
Received:
29 October 2022
Accepted:
17 November 2022
Published:
29 November 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijaas.20220806.16
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Abstract: Agromorphological and productivity parameters and incomes of cocoa companion trees assessment was studied to identify the ecological interaction between Tieghemella heckelii (makoré) and cocoa (Theobroma cacao) trees in Cote d’Ivoire. To this end studies have been carried out in rural areas in the locations of Duekoué and Taï. This work was conducted on the cocoa trees around the makoré trees over three distances around the tree (10, 20, and 30 m). Several parameters related to morphology, productivity, biomass, and CO2 stock were determined, for the two speculations. Results indicated that the trees of makoré used have the same characteristics (size, DBH, biomass, and CO2 stock). However, a difference in the shape of the fruit and/or the seed (weight of the fruit, length, and width of the seeds) and the number of seeds contained in the fruits was observed, thus reflecting a variability of individuals. Moreover, the density and yield of cocoa trees increased with distance. Indeed, cocoa trees located 30 m from the makoré trees recorded the highest rates of healthy pods. The rate of rotten and gnawed pods was similar for all distances considered, and cocoa trees located 20 m from the makoré trees were the most vigorous. Additionally, the biomass and the CO2 stock were high for large diameter and tall cocoa trees, especially the cocoa trees located 20 and 30 m from the makoré trees.
Abstract: Agromorphological and productivity parameters and incomes of cocoa companion trees assessment was studied to identify the ecological interaction between Tieghemella heckelii (makoré) and cocoa (Theobroma cacao) trees in Cote d’Ivoire. To this end studies have been carried out in rural areas in the locations of Duekoué and Taï. This work was conduct...
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Screening of New Wheat Varieties with Excellent Physical and Chemical Quality and Their Application in Food Processing
Aifeng Liu,
Canguo Wang,
Donggong Cheng,
Jianjun Liu,
Jianmin Song,
Xinyou Cao,
Cheng Liu,
Jun Guo,
Ran Han,
Yan Zi,
Faji Li,
Shennan Zhai,
Xiaolu Wang,
Wenjing Xu,
Kai Wang,
Guang Qi,
Wenwen Zhuang,
Xin Sun,
Guiling Chen,
Zexin Xu,
Zaidong Yang,
Haosheng Li
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, November 2022
Pages:
244-250
Received:
3 November 2022
Accepted:
18 November 2022
Published:
29 November 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijaas.20220806.17
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Abstract: In order to fully understand the utilization value of the newly bred varieties (lines) in the application of food processing, which bred by the wheat breeding team of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences in the past three years, the physical and chemical quality and food processing characteristics were measured and analyzed. And some new wheat varieties (strains) were selected out with combined or special use of steamed-bread, noodles or bread. Among them, variety Jimai 106 had excellent quality of bread, steamed-bread and noodles, LHSJ 156, Jimai 0435, Jimai 8365 had excellent quality of bread and noodles, and LHSJ 157 and Jimai 55 had excellent quality of bread and steamed-bread. And these varieties (lines) could be used as dual-purpose wheat. While varieties including Jimai 5022, Jimai 40, Jimai 5172, Jimai 108, Jimai 117 and Jimai 379 had excellent bread quality, Jimai 6174 had excellent steamed-bread quality, Jimai 6001, Jimai 899 and Jimai 4277 had excellent noodle quality, and all these varieties (lines) could be used as special wheat. All these provided theoretical support for the development and application of these new high-quality varieties. At the same time, the correlation between the bread neck length and the physical and chemical properties was discussed, as well as its effect on evaluating bread quality. It was believed that the increased neck length could be used as a quantitative index to evaluate bread quality, and could judge the bread quality preliminarily.
Abstract: In order to fully understand the utilization value of the newly bred varieties (lines) in the application of food processing, which bred by the wheat breeding team of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences in the past three years, the physical and chemical quality and food processing characteristics were measured and analyzed. And some new wheat...
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Genotype x Environment Interaction and Agronomic Performances Analysis in Exotic Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp) Cultivars in Benin
Fiacre Zavinon,
Narcisse Fonhan,
Alida Atrokpo,
Rodolphe Djossou,
Hubert Adoukonou Sagbadja
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, November 2022
Pages:
251-258
Received:
20 October 2022
Accepted:
8 November 2022
Published:
30 November 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijaas.20220806.18
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Abstract: In Benin, pigeon pea is largely consumed by rural and urban people. Despite its multiple uses, its cultivation is neglected due to the lack of improved varieties. For enhancing pigeon pea production in Benin, some exotic cultivars were introduced in the country. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the agronomic performances and genotype x environment interaction (GEI) of these cultivars. Two trials were conducted in two different environments during the rainy season of 2019-2020. The plant material was composed of 14 cultivars and planted in a randomized complete block design with two replications. Data were recorded on eleven agro-morphological traits and analyzed by using descriptive statistics as well analysis of variance (ANOVA) and analysis of additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI). For the stability analysis of agronomic traits, Wricke's ecovalence, Shukla's variance and genotypic superiority indexes were calculated. The results revealed that the collection was characterized by short maturity cycle cultivars with flowering date around 90 days. They were very productive genotypes. Grain yield varied from 78.5 to 1476.3 kg/ha. ANOVA based on combined data and AMMI analysis revealed highly significant effect of GEI for all 11 traits. However, some traits presented high value for heritability (H2 > 0.5). Based on three stability indexes, the cultivars ICP7184, ICP6907, MN5 and ICP84023 are the most stable cultivars for grain yield and flowering date. These cultivars could be proposed to growers for cultivation and also used as parental lines in pigeon pea breeding programs.
Abstract: In Benin, pigeon pea is largely consumed by rural and urban people. Despite its multiple uses, its cultivation is neglected due to the lack of improved varieties. For enhancing pigeon pea production in Benin, some exotic cultivars were introduced in the country. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the agronomic performances and genotype x e...
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Relative Performance of Coated Blends, Granular Blends and Compound Fertilizers on Maize Yield
Reda Ahmed,
Quintar Genga,
Mercy Ngunjiri,
Leonardus Vergutz,
John Wendt
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, November 2022
Pages:
259-264
Received:
7 November 2022
Accepted:
23 November 2022
Published:
30 November 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijaas.20220806.19
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Abstract: Multi-nutrient fertilizers are becoming increasingly popular. Differences in relative crop response between blended and compound fertilizer forms have received little attention. This study was carried out to investigate the relative performance of a compound fertilizer, a blend formulated with coated micronutrients (zinc and boron), and a blend formulated with granular micronutrients. Yara MilaTM PowerTM compound fertilizer was used as the nutrient reference fertilizer, and two blends were formulated to apply the same amounts of nutrients per hectare. Both full and half rates of each fertilizer were applied. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications was employed at two sites in Bungoma county, Kenya using maize as a test crop. Ear-leaf analyses showed non-significant differences for most nutrients in most treatments within sites, with leaf N, K, S, B and Zn deficiency evident at both sites. Leaf deficiencies of Zn and B suggest that rates may not have been adequate for optimal production. Site 2 (pH 4.52) showed substantially lower ear-leaf nutrient concentrations compared with Site 1 (pH 5.14), particularly for Mg and Ca, which were also deficient in initial soil analysis at both sites. At Site 1, no significant differences were noted between the micronutrient coated blend, granular blend and compound, and yields were greatest at the full rate of fertilizer. At Site 2, the micronutrient coated blend gave significantly greater yields than the granular blend and the compound, and yields were not affected by fertilizer rate. We conclude that micronutrient-coated blends can be as effective or more effective than fertilizer compounds containing the same nutrient concentrations.
Abstract: Multi-nutrient fertilizers are becoming increasingly popular. Differences in relative crop response between blended and compound fertilizer forms have received little attention. This study was carried out to investigate the relative performance of a compound fertilizer, a blend formulated with coated micronutrients (zinc and boron), and a blend for...
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