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Application of Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) Crop Technology and Its Implications in Modern Agriculture
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, January 2022
Pages:
1-8
Received:
14 December 2021
Accepted:
5 January 2022
Published:
14 January 2022
Abstract: Genetic modification entails incorporating DNA into an organism's genome as well as putting new DNA into plant cells in order to create a genetically modified plant. Chemicals are poured into plants to improve product sizes and productivity in genetically modified organisms (GMOs), a type of clinical farming. The goal of genetic modification is to provide enhanced features to plants by altering their genetic makeup. This is done by inserting a novel gene or gene into the genome of a plant. Flavr Savr tomatoes were the first genetically modified plants, and they were modified to delay the ripening process, preventing tenderness and rot. Complete crop production increased significantly after the introduction of GM crops at some point during the generation; some of these increases may be due to GM technologies and crop protection advances that have been made possible, despite the fact that GM crops adopted so far are not crop yields. GMOs gain humanity when they are utilized for purposes like improving the availability and quality of food and hospital therapy, as well as contributing to a cleaner environment. If employed correctly, they have the potential to improve the economy without inflicting more harm than good, as well as gain from its ability to alleviate hunger and sickness around the world. However, the full potential of GMOs cannot be identified without thorough research and attention to the dangers associated with each new GMO on a particular scenario basis. Improved resistance to disease and pests can be achieved by genetic modification. It may enable the production of more nutritious staple plants that provide key micronutrients that are frequently lacking in the diets of poor people. As a result, the purpose of this review was to assess the deployment of genetically engineered crops and their effects on modern agriculture progress.
Abstract: Genetic modification entails incorporating DNA into an organism's genome as well as putting new DNA into plant cells in order to create a genetically modified plant. Chemicals are poured into plants to improve product sizes and productivity in genetically modified organisms (GMOs), a type of clinical farming. The goal of genetic modification is to ...
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Adoption of Improved Seeds and Market Participation of Family Farms: The Case of Maize Cultivation in Cameroon
Jean Marie Abega Ngono,
Christelle Tchamou Meughoyi
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, January 2022
Pages:
9-19
Received:
4 December 2021
Accepted:
28 December 2021
Published:
24 January 2022
Abstract: In most countries of the world, the rural areas is that which is essentially covered of poor. This fact, the fight against poverty in the rural areas is a major challenge for development actors. One of the ways to improve the living conditions of rural people is to further promote the commercial transformation of agriculture, the source of their livelihood, by encouraging them to participate in the markets for agricultural goods. To this end, the adoption of improved agricultural technologies is a lever on which this struggle can be based. This paper assesses the impact of improved maize seed adoption on market participation of Cameroonian Small Farmers. The data are from a sample of 160 adopters and 99 non-adopters of improved maize seed, result from an investigation carried out within the framework of the project of Reinforcement of the Partnerships of the Agronomic research in Cameroon and prepared by the Agricultural Institute of Research for the Development. We use the comparison of means test for the quantities of maize sold and the gamma generalized linear regression model. The result of the test reveals that adopters of improved maize seed have on average 0.065 ton of maize quantity sold moreover than non-adopters. As for the result of the model, it shows that improved maize seeds have a positive and significant impact on market participation. In other words, the results show that the quantity of maize for sale increases by 90.3% for the Farmers that adopt improved maize seed and 89.2% for those do not adopt it. The Cameroonian government must implement policies that make improved maize seeds available to farmers, followed by training in the new agricultural practices and policies for the actual development of road infrastructures to serve the markets.
Abstract: In most countries of the world, the rural areas is that which is essentially covered of poor. This fact, the fight against poverty in the rural areas is a major challenge for development actors. One of the ways to improve the living conditions of rural people is to further promote the commercial transformation of agriculture, the source of their li...
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Application of Liquid Chromatography-high Resolution Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry in the Detection of Raw Milk and Dairy Products
Lei Wang,
Luman Huo,
Lixue Dong,
Xuesong Wang,
Litian Zhang,
Ruihuan Du,
Aijun Li,
Yi Li
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, January 2022
Pages:
20-23
Received:
3 January 2022
Accepted:
14 January 2022
Published:
24 January 2022
Abstract: Milk and dairy products are more and more popular with consumers due to their various nutrients, and their quality and safety issues have always been concerned. At present, the quality of milk and dairy products has become the core competitiveness of enterprises' future consumption and promotion, among which food additives and illegal additives, agricultural and veterinary drug residues, plasticizer and other exogenous risk substances are the focus of social attention. Therefore, it is of great practical significance and application value to establish the screening and analysis methods of exogenous risk substances in milk and dairy products. However, the ingredients of milk and dairy products are complex, and the exogenous risk substances are mostly small molecules, with low content and not easy to detect. Therefore, the instrument is required to have a very high selectivity and a super-high quality precision. Time-of-flight mass spectrometry is a high-resolution mass spectrometry, which can easily and quickly complete the rapid screening and identification of target compounds and unknown compounds, reduce the probability of "false positive" occurrence, and can analyze hundreds of compounds in a testing process, which can realize the accurate quantification and screening of veterinary drugs in milk. This paper mainly expounds the application of high-resolution mass spectrometry in exogenous risk material screening and adulterated substance analysis in milk and dairy products, and briefly analyzes its application prospects.
Abstract: Milk and dairy products are more and more popular with consumers due to their various nutrients, and their quality and safety issues have always been concerned. At present, the quality of milk and dairy products has become the core competitiveness of enterprises' future consumption and promotion, among which food additives and illegal additives, ag...
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Effect of Blended Npsznb Fertilizer Rates on Yield and Yield Components of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties in Mao-komo, Benshangule Gumuz Regional State
Mathewos Misgana,
Habtamu Ashagre,
Tadesse Debele
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, January 2022
Pages:
24-40
Received:
6 December 2021
Accepted:
21 January 2022
Published:
28 January 2022
Abstract: Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most important cereal crop in the Poaceae (Gramineae) family originated in the Near-Eastern Fertile Crescent in the Middle East. It is the second most influential staple food crop after rice, grown in 89 countries with climates ranging from temperate to tropical but the production did not meet demand. The field experiment was conducted during 2020 cropping season in Mao-Komo District, western Ethiopia to evaluate the effects of blended NPSZnB fertilizer on bread wheat varieties. The experiment consisted of five levels of NPSZnB (0, 100, 150, 200, 250 kg ha-1) and four bread wheat varieties Kingbird, Danda, Shorima and Ogolcho combined factorially and laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Days to 90% maturity were delayed with increased rates of fertilizer for all varieties. The highest mean plant height (81.4cm), number of grains per spike (52.5), and harvest index (39%), leaf area (30.15cm2), total tillers (6.29), productive tillers (6.1), grain yield (3.54), thousand grain weight (33.83g) and hectoliter weight (81.2) were obtained at 200 kg ha-1 NPSZnB with Kingbird variety. Moreover, the highest straw yield (7.53t ha-1) and spike length (8.2 cm) were recorded at 200 kg NPSZnB ha-1 with Danda variety. The highest biomass (9.97 tha-1) and hectoliter weight (81.2) were obtained at 250 kg ha-1 NPSZnB with Ogolcho and Kingbird varieties, respectively. The maximum net benefit (85047ETB ha-1) was obtained due to use of 200 kg ha-1 NPSZnB with Kingbird bread wheat variety. Due to soil acidity of the study area, use of integrated soil fertility management practices is important to improve the production and productivity of bread wheat.
Abstract: Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most important cereal crop in the Poaceae (Gramineae) family originated in the Near-Eastern Fertile Crescent in the Middle East. It is the second most influential staple food crop after rice, grown in 89 countries with climates ranging from temperate to tropical but the production did not meet demand. The f...
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Studies on Genetic Variability of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties for Yield and Yield Related Traits in Western Ethiopia
Welde Ketema,
Negash Geleta
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, January 2022
Pages:
41-49
Received:
3 January 2022
Accepted:
19 January 2022
Published:
28 January 2022
Abstract: The objectives of the study were to determine genetic variability, interrelationships among different traits, and to estimate genetic divergence among the nineteen common bean varieties. Nineteen common bean varieties were tested for yield and yield related traits in completely randomized block design in three replications at Uke Research and Technology Demonstration Site, in 2018 cropping season. The analysis of variance showed that the varieties were significantly different for all traits except for days to 50% flowering and number of seed per pod. Among all tested varieties Anger gave the maximum yield (4.03 t/ha) followed by Awash 1 (3.93 t/ha) and Awash-2 (3.49 t/ha). Genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation values greater than 30% were obtained for plant height, leaf area, pod length, and seed yield indicating high variations among the tested genotypes. Heritability values greater than 60% were obtained for plant height, leaf area, inter node length, pod length, number node per plant, number of pod per plant, 100-seed weight, seed yield, biological yield and harvest index; Genetic advance as a percent of mean values were greater than 30% for plant height, leaf area, inter node length, pod length, number of node per plant, number of pod per plant, seed yield, biological yield and harvest index indicating, the traits are governed by additive genes. Genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficient showed that seed yield was significantly and positively correlated with biological yield and harvest index both at genotypic and phenotypic levels, indicating they are true indicator for higher seed yield. Whereas the correlation between seed yields and other traits not strong in magnitudes. The principal component analysis indicated that the first four principal components explained 84.78% of the total variation in the varieties, suggesting the characters considered were sufficient to explain the total variations. The genetic divergence (D2) analysis indicated that the 19 varieties were grouped in to four clusters and distances between these clusters were significantly different between all the cluster combinations. This indicates that there is an opportunity to bring about improvement through hybridization of varieties from different clusters and subsequent selection from the segregating generations. Generally, the tested varieties had ample genetic variations and yield potential to use in the future breeding program in western Ethiopia.
Abstract: The objectives of the study were to determine genetic variability, interrelationships among different traits, and to estimate genetic divergence among the nineteen common bean varieties. Nineteen common bean varieties were tested for yield and yield related traits in completely randomized block design in three replications at Uke Research and Techn...
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Biochar and Animal Manures Increased Yield of Three Varieties of Turnips
George Fouad Antonious,
Mohammad Hasan Dawood,
Eric Todd Turley,
Rance Bradley Paxton
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, January 2022
Pages:
50-56
Received:
13 November 2021
Accepted:
8 December 2021
Published:
9 February 2022
Abstract: Biochar, a product of incineration of biomass is proposed for use as a soil amendment (SA) to enhance soil water holding capacity, increase soil microbial community, and plant nutrients availability. We studied the effect of six SA (sewage sludge SS, horse manure HM, chicken manure CM, vermicompost Vermi, commercial inorganic fertilizer (19N-19P-19K), commercial organic fertilizer (Nature Safe 10N-2P-8K), and biochar added to SA on the root, shoot, and plant weight of three varieties of field-grown turnips (Purple Top White Globe PTWG, Scarlet Queen Red SQR, and Tokyo Cross TC. Regardless of SA type used in this investigation, results revealed that varieties grown in soil treated with biochar had significantly greater root, shoot, and plant weight compared to similar varieties grown in SA not treated with biochhar. SQR significantly increased turnip yield compared to PTWG and TC varieties Overall turnip shoot, root, and plant weight obtained from CM amended soil not treated with biochar was significantly greater (295.9, 524.4, and 820.3 g, respectively) compared to yield obtained from the no-amendment (NM) control treatments (147.3, 242.5, and 389.8 g, respectively). Biochar added to SS, Org, Vermi, and HM significantly increased plant weight from 522.3, 482.5, 476.5, and 450.2 g to 737.5, 701.9, 673.3, and 640.8 g, respectively. This increase represents 41, 46, 41, and 42% increase in plant weight, respectively due to the addition of biochar. Regardless of biochar application to growing plants, variety SQR is recommend for growing turnips in CM amended soil. Substitution of inorganic fertilizer by animal manure mixed with biochar may help limited-resource farmers in growing turnips at affordable costs.
Abstract: Biochar, a product of incineration of biomass is proposed for use as a soil amendment (SA) to enhance soil water holding capacity, increase soil microbial community, and plant nutrients availability. We studied the effect of six SA (sewage sludge SS, horse manure HM, chicken manure CM, vermicompost Vermi, commercial inorganic fertilizer (19N-19P-19...
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Response of Different Fertilizer Levels on Grain Yield and Yield Components of Food Barley Varieties at Arsi Zone, Ethiopia
Fasil Shimelis,
Dereje Dobocha,
Almaz Admasu,
Debela Bekele,
Zenebe Mulatu,
Wogayehu Worku
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, January 2022
Pages:
57-63
Received:
22 January 2022
Accepted:
15 February 2022
Published:
25 February 2022
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted at Lemu-bilbilo wereda, Arsi Zone, Ethiopia, from June to December 2017/18 cropping season, with the aim of evaluating the optimal level of fertilizers for maximal production of food barley varieties on two farmer’s site. Four levels fertilizer (RNP (100 kg/ha urea + 150 kg/ha DAP) (73N, 69 P2O5), 150%RNP, 200%RNP and RNPS (100 kg/ha) (19 N 38 P2O5 + 7S) and three food barley varieties (HB42, HB1307 and EH1493) were tested in Randomized complete Block Design replicate three times. The main effects of fertilizer rate on spike length, grain per spike and biomass yield showed significant (P < 0.05) variation. The use of 200%RNP resulted in highest (8.6 cm) spike length, (49.8) grain per spike and (7149.2 kg ha-1) biomass yield. The interaction effect of fertilizer level and food barley varieties showed significant (P < 0.01) variation on grain yield, hectolitre weight and thousand kernel weight. The highest (3345.8 kg ha-1) grain yield was obtained from the combination of HB1307 food barley variety with 200%RNP fertilizer level, followed (2964.5 kg ha-1) grain yield was recorded fromHB1307 variety at fertilization of 150%RNP, while the lowest (1860 kg ha-1) grain yield was recorded from HB42 variety at a RNP fertilizer level. Likewise the highest (60.5 gm) thousand kernel weight and (71.6 kg hL-1) hectolitre weight was recorded from HB42 food barley variety fertilized with RNP and from variety EH1493 with 200%RNP fertilizer respectively. Therefor the most cost-effective variety and fertilizer level for farmers with low cost of production and higher benefits were identified to be the variety HB1307 at the fertilizer level of 150%RNP as first option for the study area and similar agro ecological conditions.
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted at Lemu-bilbilo wereda, Arsi Zone, Ethiopia, from June to December 2017/18 cropping season, with the aim of evaluating the optimal level of fertilizers for maximal production of food barley varieties on two farmer’s site. Four levels fertilizer (RNP (100 kg/ha urea + 150 kg/ha DAP) (73N, 69 P2O5), 150%RNP, 200%RNP a...
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