Abstract: Elaeis guineensis oils (palm oil and palm kernel oil) are versatile ingredients widely used in food applications as well as in the industrial production of biofuels and other oleochemicals. Global demand for Elaeis guineensis oils is increasing and has surpassed other vegetable oils. In many nations such as Nigeria, the demand outweighs the supply. Consequently, the prices of the oils have been relatively high and there is high demand for land for the cultivation of the palms. However, Elaeis guineensis cultivation has been noted for several environmental, climatic and social challenges. Based on these reasons, concerted efforts are being made to search for a promising feedstock that can either be used in conjunction with or as an alternative to Elaeis guineensis oils. In this study, oils were extracted from the mesocarp of common species of the Niger Delta Raphia palm fruits (Raphiafarinifera, Raphia hookeri and Raphiavinifera) as wells as the mesocarp and kernel of Elaeis guineensis fruits. The potentials of using each of the Raphia palm oils as an alternative to Elaeis guineensis oils were evaluated based on standard physiochemical properties obtained using standard analytical techniques. The study showed that oils extracted from common species of the Niger Delta Raphia palm fruits and are very similar to Elaeis guineensis oils in many aspects. However, most of the physiochemical properties results showed that oils extracted from common species of the Niger Delta Raphia palm fruits are more suited as replacement to Elaeis guineensis oils in the production of biofuels and other oleochemicals than for food or edibility purposes.
Abstract: Elaeis guineensis oils (palm oil and palm kernel oil) are versatile ingredients widely used in food applications as well as in the industrial production of biofuels and other oleochemicals. Global demand for Elaeis guineensis oils is increasing and has surpassed other vegetable oils. In many nations such as Nigeria, the demand outweighs the supply....Show More
Abstract: Efficiency of drilling mud is partly determined by filtrate loss. In this article, research on suitability of African oil bean husk (AOBH), as a fluid loss control additive for oil-based drilling mud (OBM) is presented. Dry AOBH of particle sizes 63µm, 125µm and 250µm were used. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) and Phenom Prox model of the Scanning Electron Microscope energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) were used to determine morphology and chemical properties of AOBH. OBM samples were prepared using the various sizes of AOBH as fluid-loss control additives and Grel Alphatex as industrial grade additives. Power Law Model and Herschel-Bulkley Models were used to model rheology of samples. Results show that AOBH contains mainly asphaltic compounds, is eco-friendly and biodegradable. Results from mud tests show close values in performances of AOBH and industrial grade. Filter cake thickness was 2.1mm – 2.8mm for AOBH-additives mud, but 2.3mm for industrial-additives mud. Filtrate loss was 2.0ml – 3.4ml for AOBH-additives mud, but 2.3ml for industrial-additives mud. Apparent viscosity for AOBH-additives mud was 77.5 -92.0cp, but 99.0cp for industrial–additives mud. Plastic viscosity for AOBH-additives mud was 73.0 - 81.0cp, but 87.0cp for industrial-additives mud. Yield point for AOBH-additives mud was 9.0 – 22.0, but 24.0 for industrial-additives mud. Both models show that efficiency of the mud containing AOBH in cleaning hole increased as grain size of AOBH reduced.
Abstract: Efficiency of drilling mud is partly determined by filtrate loss. In this article, research on suitability of African oil bean husk (AOBH), as a fluid loss control additive for oil-based drilling mud (OBM) is presented. Dry AOBH of particle sizes 63µm, 125µm and 250µm were used. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) and Phenom Prox mo...Show More