Review Article
Ammonia Synthesis over an Iron Catalyst with an Inverse Structure: A Comprehensive Review
Tsiye Tekleyohanis Hailemariam*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 4, August 2025
Pages:
76-82
Received:
15 July 2025
Accepted:
25 July 2025
Published:
13 August 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajche.20251304.11
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Abstract: Ammonia synthesis is a cornerstone of the chemical industry, critical for fertilizer production and global food security. The Haber-Bosch process, relying heavily on iron-based catalysts, has been optimized over the decades. However, conventional catalysts still face limitations related to reaction conditions, energy efficiency, and catalyst deactivation. This review focuses on recent advances in inverse structured iron catalysts a novel configuration where the support encapsulates the active iron phase, reversing the conventional catalyst design. This inverse approach promises improved dispersion, enhanced surface properties, and increased resistance to sintering and poisoning. The review explores the synthesis methods, structural characterization, mechanistic insights, and catalytic performance of inverse iron catalysts, comparing them with traditional systems. Finally, it addresses current challenges and outlines future directions in the development of sustainable and efficient ammonia synthesis technologies.
Abstract: Ammonia synthesis is a cornerstone of the chemical industry, critical for fertilizer production and global food security. The Haber-Bosch process, relying heavily on iron-based catalysts, has been optimized over the decades. However, conventional catalysts still face limitations related to reaction conditions, energy efficiency, and catalyst deacti...
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