Volume 11, Issue 4, August 2025

  • Research Article

    The National Cooperative Policy 2025 — Reinvigorating India’s Cooperative Sector

    Prasad Mahale*, Mithunraj, Usha

    Issue: Volume 11, Issue 4, August 2025
    Pages: 70-80
    Received: 28 July 2025
    Accepted: 11 August 2025
    Published: 13 September 2025
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    Abstract: The cooperative movement in India has historically played a crucial role in advancing rural development, promoting inclusive growth, and empowering marginalized communities. Despite its significant contributions, the sector has been plagued by systemic inefficiencies, outdated legal frameworks, and lack of professional management. The National Coop... Show More
  • Research Article

    A Special Agent: Insurance Comprador for Western Insurers in 19th Century China

    Song Xuecan, Chen Rong*

    Issue: Volume 11, Issue 4, August 2025
    Pages: 81-90
    Received: 11 June 2024
    Accepted: 9 July 2024
    Published: 23 September 2025
    DOI: 10.11648/j.ijfbr.20251104.12
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    Abstract: The history of modern Chinese insurance is a history of foreign insurance industry to control and monopolize the old Chinese insurance market while the Chinese insurance industry tried to be independent and anti-monopoly. Insurance compradors have played an important role in the Western insurance “Indigenization” process in the 19th century China. ... Show More