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Research Article
Gender Inclusion and Institutional Practices in Indian Educational Spaces: A Sociological Analysis
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 3, September 2026
Pages:
65-71
Received:
14 February 2026
Accepted:
26 February 2026
Published:
24 July 2026
Abstract: The inclusion of gender in education has become a central issue in academic and policy debates, particularly within those societies afflicted by profoundly entrenched structures of inequality. Educational institutions in India are constructed as key sites where the cause of social justice and gender equity get furthered, but at the same time continue to perpetuate hierarchies between genders through formal institutional structures, informal norms, and everyday practices. This article explores the construction of gender inclusion in Indian educational contexts by applying a sociological and policy perspective to both institutional practices as well as governance structures that frame access, participation and learning outcome for various genders. Drawing on feminist theory, sociology of education, and an extensive review of secondary literature and policy documents, the study analyses both progress and persistent gaps in achieving gender-equitable education. The paper argues that while policy interventions have significantly expanded access for girls and women, substantive gender inclusion requires deeper institutional transformation, gender-sensitive pedagogies, and sustained policy commitment. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for gender-transformative educational policies and inclusive institutional cultures to ensure education functions as a genuine instrument of social change.
Abstract: The inclusion of gender in education has become a central issue in academic and policy debates, particularly within those societies afflicted by profoundly entrenched structures of inequality. Educational institutions in India are constructed as key sites where the cause of social justice and gender equity get furthered, but at the same time contin...
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Research Article
Mediating Learners’ Understanding of Geometrical Concepts with Traditional Baskets as Cultural Artefacts:
A Case for Culturally Responsive Pedagogy
Sina Joshua Fakoyede*,
Femi Emmanuel Babalola,
Stella Kemilola Ekundayo,
Deborah Olufemi Alabi
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 3, September 2026
Pages:
72-80
Received:
20 February 2026
Accepted:
9 March 2026
Published:
24 July 2026
Abstract: This paper specifically elaborates on the knowledge of science (geometry) in basket making, cultural responsive pedagogy and the relevance of science to the learners lived world. In order to achieve a thick description of the process of demonstration of basket weaving, the interactions between the researchers, basket weaver, teachers and students were audio and video recorded and analysed. Field notes were also used to collect information on the science in basket weaving. Open ended questionnaires were also used to elicit information from the interactions between the researchers and basket weaver, the teachers and students. Video-stimulated recall enabled the qualitative analysis of the data. Finding showed that the knowledge of science inherent in basket making is wholesome. Some of which are the knowledge of polygons, angles and degrees. Knowledge of ecology, basic scientific processes and exercises are embedded in the wholesomeness of the knowledge of basket making. Recommendations suggest that culturally responsive teacher (CRT) connect the learners’ cultural knowledge to the western knowledge of science so that memories are created and students can recall seamlessly. There should also be culturally inclined teacher and learners’ activities in the science classroom as well as activities that can be taught in the school.
Abstract: This paper specifically elaborates on the knowledge of science (geometry) in basket making, cultural responsive pedagogy and the relevance of science to the learners lived world. In order to achieve a thick description of the process of demonstration of basket weaving, the interactions between the researchers, basket weaver, teachers and students w...
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Research Article
Comparative GIS-Based Landslide Susceptibility and Relative Risk Assessment Using Frequency Ratio, Shannon Entropy and Statistical Information Index Models
Nabaraj Bajagain
,
Bhuwan Singh Bisht*
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 3, September 2026
Pages:
81-102
Received:
25 June 2026
Accepted:
6 July 2026
Published:
24 July 2026
Abstract: Landslides are recurrent geomorphic hazards in the Nepal Himalaya, where fragile geology, steep terrain, monsoonal rainfall and expanding road construction increase slope instability. This study assesses landslide susceptibility and relative risk in Tamakoshi Rural Municipality, Dolakha, Nepal, by comparing three GIS-based bivariate models: frequency ratio (FR), Shannon entropy (SE) and statistical information index (SII). A landslide inventory of 121 events was prepared from Google Earth imagery, satellite-image interpretation and field verification, and divided into 70% training and 30% validation subsets. Ten conditioning factors were analysed at 30 m spatial resolution: slope, aspect, curvature, elevation, topographic wetness index, lithology, soil type, land use/land cover, distance from roads and distance from rivers. Model discrimination was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic-area under the curve analysis. Landslides were concentrated on steep, mid-elevation slopes, particularly within 250 m of rivers and 100 m of roads, indicating the influence of fluvial undercutting, road excavation and drainage disturbance. SII produced the highest success and prediction AUC values (0.654 and 0.628), followed by FR (0.645 and 0.623) and SE (0.634 and 0.613), although all three models showed only modest discrimination. An AHP-based exposure–vulnerability index was prepared from settlement, population, road, school, hospital and temple indicators. The resulting relative risk zonation identified approximately 15% of the municipality as high or very high risk, mainly in wards 1, 3 and 5. The findings provide a spatial basis for field prioritization, risk-sensitive land-use planning and local disaster risk reduction.
Abstract: Landslides are recurrent geomorphic hazards in the Nepal Himalaya, where fragile geology, steep terrain, monsoonal rainfall and expanding road construction increase slope instability. This study assesses landslide susceptibility and relative risk in Tamakoshi Rural Municipality, Dolakha, Nepal, by comparing three GIS-based bivariate models: frequen...
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Research Article
Philosopher's Stone the Initial View About Vampires
Diego Restrepo Paris*
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 3, September 2026
Pages:
103-116
Received:
28 January 2026
Accepted:
13 March 2026
Published:
6 August 2026
Abstract: Philosopher's Stone explores the multidisciplinary roots of alchemy and its profound connection to the human quest for immortality. It traces the origins of this "Great Work" from ancient Egypt, where the god Thoth established foundations of magic and wisdom, through Mesopotamia and onto its introduction in Europe during the 12th century. The primary objective is to demonstrate that alchemy is not merely a precursor to modern chemistry but a sophisticated system of spiritual and psychological transformation. This is achieved by analyzing the alchemical process through the lens of Carl Jung’s analytical psychology, examining archetypes and the collective unconscious as mirrored in the three stages of transmutation: nigredo, albedo, and rubedo. The analysis reveals that the pursuit of the Philosopher’s Stone symbolizes the purification of the soul and the death of the ego rather than the literal creation of gold. The study further connects these practices to secretive aristocratic organizations like the Order of the Dragon and the esoteric House Abraxas, highlighting the ritualistic use of the "Phoenix rite" as a symbolic or literal means to attain immortality through bloodlines and esoteric knowledge. The chapter also investigates modern mythological interpretations, decoding L. Frank Baum’s "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" as an alchemical allegory. Ultimately, Philosopher's Stone posits that alchemy serves as a foundational bridge between material science and internal psychological growth, providing a complex symbolic framework that continues to influence contemporary folklore, literature.
Abstract: Philosopher's Stone explores the multidisciplinary roots of alchemy and its profound connection to the human quest for immortality. It traces the origins of this "Great Work" from ancient Egypt, where the god Thoth established foundations of magic and wisdom, through Mesopotamia and onto its introduction in Europe during the 12th century. The prima...
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Research Article
Bridging Ghana’s Tax Gap Through Licensure and Formal Recognition of Informal Labour: A Human Development Imperative
Michael Agyei Sarfo-Kantanka*
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 3, September 2026
Pages:
117-122
Received:
2 March 2026
Accepted:
13 March 2026
Published:
6 August 2026
Abstract: Ghana's economy is fundamentally dualistic, characterized by a vast, productive informal sector and a narrow yet heavily burdened formal sector. The few in the formal sector continue to bear a huge tax burden as compared to those in the informal sector who actually form our majority workforce base. According to official statistics, approximately 80 percent of employed persons operate informally, yet this sector contributes only 27.4 percent to GDP and an estimated less than 5 percent to total tax revenue. This structural dichotomy creates an unsustainable fiscal model and perpetuates significant human development deficits, including lack of social protection, precarious work, and constrained productivity. This paper moves beyond conventional tax enforcement narratives to propose a transformative, incentive-based licensure regime for informal trades. By integrating formal recognition with tangible benefits such as access to social security, financial services, and market opportunities, this model seeks to convert economic informality into structured economic citizenship, consistent with internationally recognized principles of equity, productivity, and decent work. It critiques current revenue collection strategies, proposes a licensure-benefit package, and offers a phased implementation roadmap. Evidence from neighbouring West African countries gathered shows that successful formalization depends more on building trust and creating attractive incentives than on coercive enforcement. The licensure framework is presented not merely as a revenue tool, but as a coherent strategy for inclusive growth, skills development, and equitable burden-sharing.
Abstract: Ghana's economy is fundamentally dualistic, characterized by a vast, productive informal sector and a narrow yet heavily burdened formal sector. The few in the formal sector continue to bear a huge tax burden as compared to those in the informal sector who actually form our majority workforce base. According to official statistics, approximately 80...
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Review Article
Northern Leaf Blight of Maize (Exserohilum turcicum) in Southern Ethiopia: Incidence, Distribution, Yield Losses, and Management Practices – A Narrative Review
Daniel Abebe*,
Damtew Atnafu
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 3, September 2026
Pages:
123-130
Received:
28 June 2026
Accepted:
17 July 2026
Published:
11 August 2026
Abstract: Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important cereal crops contributing significantly to food security, income generation, and livestock feed production. However, maize productivity is constrained by several biotic stresses, among which Northern Leaf Blight (NLB) caused by Exserohilum turcicum, is one of the most distractive foliar disease affecting maize production across different agro ecological zone, including Southern Ethiopia. This narrative review aimed to synthesize available information on the incidence, distribution, yield losses, and management practices of NLB in Southern Ethiopia relevant scientific Publication, research reports, field studies, and institutional documents were reviewed to evaluate the current status of the disease and identify major challenges affecting its sustainable management. The reviewed evidence indicated that NLB is widely distributed in maize growing areas of Southern Ethiopia, with disease occurrence and severity varying according to agro ecological conditions, cropping systems, cultivar susceptibility, and pathogen adaptation. favorable environmental conditions, including high relative humidity, moderate temperatures, prolonged leaf wetness, continuous maize cultivation, and the widespread use of susceptible varieties, contribute to disease development and epidemics outbreaks. Yield losses associated with NLB depend on disease severity, timing of infection, host susceptibility, and environmental conditions, with severe infections causing considerable reductions in grain yield. Current NCLB management practices mainly on the use of resistant or tolerant maize varieties, cultural practices, and fungicide application. However, the effectiveness of these approaches is limited by inadequate availability of improved seed, weak extension services, limited farmer awareness and insufficient diseases management approaches involving resistant varieties, improved agronomic practices, regularly disease surveillance, and rational fungicide use are essential for sustainable management of NLB in southern Ethiopia. strengthening maize breeding programs, improving seed deliver systems, and enhancing farmer- oriented disease management strategies are recommended to reduce the impact of NCLB and improved maize productivity in the region.
Abstract: Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important cereal crops contributing significantly to food security, income generation, and livestock feed production. However, maize productivity is constrained by several biotic stresses, among which Northern Leaf Blight (NLB) caused by Exserohilum turcicum, is one of the most distractive foliar disease affec...
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