Research Article
Bayesian Spatial Analysis of Risk Factors Affecting Low Birth Weight in Nigeria
Oladayo Olarinre Avwerhota,
Michael Avwerhota*
,
Ebenezer Obi Daniel,
Taiwo Aderemi Popoola,
Israel Olukayode Popoola,
Adebanke Adetutu Ogun,
Ahmed Mamuda Bello,
Michael Olabode Tomori,
Aisha Oluwakemi Salami,
Celestine Emeka Ekwuluo,
Olukayode Oladeji Alewi,
Aremu Bukola Janet
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, September 2024
Pages:
40-50
Received:
26 July 2024
Accepted:
16 August 2024
Published:
30 August 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.jfmhc.20241003.11
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Abstract: Low birth weight (LBW), defined by the World Health Organization as a birth weight of less than 2.5 kilograms, is a major public health concern with significant implications for neonatal morbidity, mortality, and long-term health outcomes. LBW prevalence is particularly high in developing countries, contributing to substantial healthcare challenges and socio-economic burdens. This study examines the determinants of LBW in Nigeria, focusing on socio-demographic, economic, and health-related factors. This cross-sectional study utilizes data from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). A stratified two-stage cluster sampling method was employed, and data were collected through structured interviews. The analysis included socio-demographic characteristics, economic status, health factors, and birth weights, which were classified into LBW and normal birth weight categories. Ethical approval was obtained, and informed consent ensured participant confidentiality. The analysis revealed significant associations between LBW and several factors. Higher maternal education levels were linked to lower odds of LBW. Religious affiliation also impacted LBW, with Muslim mothers having a lower likelihood of LBW compared to Christian mothers. Ethnicity influenced LBW outcomes, with Igbo mothers showing higher odds of LBW compared to Yoruba mothers. Economic stability and urban residency were associated with reduced LBW risk. Health factors such as maternal BMI and frequent antenatal visits were protective against LBW. Geographic disparities indicated higher risks in northern Nigeria. The study underscores the multifactorial nature of LBW, highlighting the importance of maternal education, socio-economic support, and healthcare access. Tailored interventions addressing ethnic and religious contexts, along with region-specific strategies, are essential. The Bayesian STAR model's superior performance suggests that spatial and non-parametric considerations provide deeper insights into LBW risk factors. Comprehensive, multifaceted strategies and policies are needed to address the determinants of LBW, focusing on vulnerable populations and regional disparities.
Abstract: Low birth weight (LBW), defined by the World Health Organization as a birth weight of less than 2.5 kilograms, is a major public health concern with significant implications for neonatal morbidity, mortality, and long-term health outcomes. LBW prevalence is particularly high in developing countries, contributing to substantial healthcare challenges...
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Research Article
Factors Influencing the Practices and Adherence of Isoniazid Prophylactic Therapy Among Under 5 Years Children in Tb Referral Units, Peshawar
Bakht Beland*,
Sher Bahadur,
Inayatullah,
Aqsa Khan,
Munawar Khan
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, September 2024
Pages:
51-59
Received:
6 September 2023
Accepted:
4 October 2023
Published:
6 September 2024
Abstract: Importance: The under 5 years children of house hold contact with active tuberculosis cases is one of the main cause for the transmission of TB in pediatrics population, responsible for many complications and childhood mortality. Objective: To determine the factors influencing the practice and adherence of Isoniazid Prophylactic Therapy (IPT) among under 5 years children of house hold with cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis. Design: The study’s design was cross sectional. Setting: This study was conducted in TB referral units of the National Tuberculosis Control Program in Peshawar City. Participants: The study participants included patients with sputum-positive pulmonary TB having at least one under-5 years’ child in their household. Secondly, the doctors who were directly dealing with TB patients for diagnosis and treatments in referral units of the respective hospitals. Results: Most of the patients reported that doctors neither got some information about the under-5 years' children at their family nor to bring them for TB screening. Just 13.2% patients (36 out of 273) conceded that doctors mentioned them for prophylactic treatment with Isoniazid (INH) medication for their contact positive under-5years children. But only 4 of these 36 patients [(11.11%) 1.46%of the aggregate] completed the IPT course for their under-5 year children for 6 months duration. (Table 2) All the doctors claimed that they got information about the presence of under five years household contact in the family of TB patients. While the majority of the doctors/physicians (80%) had recognized that they neither requested the patients for screening from their family contact nor to give INH medication for their prophylaxis. This study showed that the practice of IPT was 13.2% and the adherence rate was just 11.11%, and the main factors for this poor result were poor healthcare system, lack of awareness, financial constraint and attitude of the patients. Conclusion: This study concludes that the extremely poor practice and adherence to isoniazid prophylactic therapy by doctors and patients in TB referral units in Peshawar city for under-5-year-old children of households with active tuberculosis patients was primarily caused by a lack of awareness, financial constraints, patient attitudes, and an inefficient healthcare system.
Abstract: Importance: The under 5 years children of house hold contact with active tuberculosis cases is one of the main cause for the transmission of TB in pediatrics population, responsible for many complications and childhood mortality. Objective: To determine the factors influencing the practice and adherence of Isoniazid Prophylactic Therapy (IPT) among...
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