-
Research Article
Reduplication in the Modern Bengali Language
Mumtahhina Khatun*
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
75-82
Received:
15 October 2025
Accepted:
27 October 2025
Published:
26 February 2026
Abstract: This study examines the phenomenon of reduplication in modern Bengali, focusing on its structural diversity, functional roles, and linguistic constraints. Reduplication, defined as the repetition of a linguistic unit—ranging from phonemes to entire utterances—is a key component in identifying multiword expressions (MWEs) and plays a significant role in Bengali morphology and syntax. The research categorizes reduplication into two broad types: one based on linguistic purposes and the other on grammatical functions. The first category includes morphological, lexical, semantic, onomatopoeic, correlative, inflected, and phonological reduplication. These forms contribute to word formation, semantic enrichment, and stylistic variation. The second category examines total reduplication—both pure and superadded—across various grammatical classes, including adjectives, nouns, pronouns, numerals, verbs, adverbs, postpositions, and indeclinables. This type of reduplication primarily serves to express multiplicity, intensity, and emphasis, often transforming the syntactic or semantic properties of the original word. Findings suggest that reduplication in Bengali is not merely ornamental but a productive linguistic process that can generate new lexical items and even shift word classes. By analyzing these patterns, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of Bengali grammar and the dynamic nature of its expressive resources.
Abstract: This study examines the phenomenon of reduplication in modern Bengali, focusing on its structural diversity, functional roles, and linguistic constraints. Reduplication, defined as the repetition of a linguistic unit—ranging from phonemes to entire utterances—is a key component in identifying multiword expressions (MWEs) and plays a significant rol...
Show More
-
Research Article
The Effect of Leadership Practices on School Performance in Secondary Schools of Kaffa Zone
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
83-95
Received:
3 February 2026
Accepted:
14 February 2026
Published:
27 February 2026
Abstract: This study examined leadership practices and their effects on teachers’ performance in secondary schools in Kaffa Zone. The main purpose of the study was to assess how school leadership influences teachers’ motivation, professional commitment, and instructional effectiveness. To achieve this objective, the study employed a mixed research approach, with a particular focus on a descriptive survey design. This approach enabled the researcher to collect both quantitative and qualitative data and to analyze the relationships between leadership practices and teacher performance in a comprehensive manner. The target population of the study included secondary school teachers, school principals, supervisors, Parent-Teacher-Student Association members, Teacher Development Program experts, and student council representatives. A total sample of 158 respondents was selected using random sampling techniques to ensure representativeness, while purposive sampling was applied to identify key informants who possessed relevant experience and knowledge. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, which allowed participants to express their views and experiences regarding leadership practices in their schools. Quantitative data were analyzed using statistical tools such as percentages, frequencies, Pearson correlation, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and coefficient analysis to determine the strength and significance of relationships between key variables. Qualitative data obtained from interviews were thematically analyzed to complement and enrich the quantitative findings. The results of the study revealed that several challenges hinder effective school leadership in Kaffa Zone. These included limited autonomy, insufficient professional training, and inadequate educational resources. In addition, weak community engagement and ineffective conflict resolution strategies negatively affected staff morale and school culture. Furthermore, dissatisfaction with leadership training, limited institutional support, and bureaucratic interference weakened leaders’ capacity to effectively support teachers’ professional development. Based on these findings, the study recommends that secondary schools in Kaffa Zone strengthen collaboration with woreda and zonal education offices to enhance professional growth opportunities. It also emphasizes the importance of involving stakeholders in school activities to create a supportive educational environment that promotes staff motivation, improved performance, and overall school success.
Abstract: This study examined leadership practices and their effects on teachers’ performance in secondary schools in Kaffa Zone. The main purpose of the study was to assess how school leadership influences teachers’ motivation, professional commitment, and instructional effectiveness. To achieve this objective, the study employed a mixed research approach, ...
Show More
-
Research Article
The Impact of Interactive Electronic Stories on Developing Digital Citizenship and Democratic Principles Among Secondary School Students
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
96-111
Received:
1 November 2025
Accepted:
9 February 2026
Published:
4 March 2026
Abstract: This paper aims to explore the impact of interactive electronic stories on adolescent students in secondary schools to raise awareness of digital citizenship and democratic values in relation to villages. Interactive digital reading is a technology that combines different components of stories with multimedia elements such as text, audio, images, and animations. The proposed work aims to fill the urgent need to teach cyber ethics to adolescent students in the technological age. In this age, improper use of digital media platforms by students has resulted in behaviors that are not only harmful to themselves but also to others. Behaviors such as cyberbullying and exposure have destroyed democratic values. Based on behavioral, cognitive, and constructivist theories of learning, this work demonstrates how interactive stories that are designed to achieve specific goals can be successful in promoting democratic values of citizenship among adolescent students. This study highlights that conventional methods of monitoring are not sufficient. Instead, students are to be made aware of a holistic concept of different dimensions of digital citizenship to cope with current technology.
Abstract: This paper aims to explore the impact of interactive electronic stories on adolescent students in secondary schools to raise awareness of digital citizenship and democratic values in relation to villages. Interactive digital reading is a technology that combines different components of stories with multimedia elements such as text, audio, images, a...
Show More
-
Research Article
Development of an AI-Based Automated Staff Appraisal System for Tertiary Institutions: A Case Study of Federal University of Technology, Owerri
Emmanuel Chukwudi Amadi*,
Ezenwa Kingdavid
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
112-120
Received:
1 February 2026
Accepted:
3 March 2026
Published:
14 March 2026
Abstract: The increasing demand for transparent, objective, and development-oriented staff performance appraisal in tertiary institutions necessitates the modernization of conventional evaluation systems. This study presents the design and implementation of an AI-based automated staff appraisal system developed for the Federal University of Technology, Owerri (FUTO). The proposed system replaces traditional manual and semi-digital appraisal processes with a web-based platform built using React.js, Node.js, and PostgreSQL. It integrates generative artificial intelligence through prompt-engineered large language models (LLMs) accessed via OpenRouter to generate structured, personalized feedback. A weighted scoring algorithm was implemented to compute performance scores across multiple academic dimensions, including teaching load, research output, professional development, and administrative responsibilities. The system was developed using the Design and Development Research (DDR) methodology, incorporating iterative prototyping, stakeholder consultation, and system validation. Evaluation involved functional testing, performance benchmarking, and user acceptance assessment among academic staff. Results indicate an average AI feedback generation time of 6.3 seconds and high user ratings for usefulness (4.6/5) and ease of use (4.7/5). The system standardizes evaluation criteria, reduces processing delays, and produces structured developmental feedback aligned with institutional performance goals. The architecture demonstrates scalability, modular AI integration, and secure deployment, providing a replicable framework for digital transformation of staff appraisal processes in higher education institutions.
Abstract: The increasing demand for transparent, objective, and development-oriented staff performance appraisal in tertiary institutions necessitates the modernization of conventional evaluation systems. This study presents the design and implementation of an AI-based automated staff appraisal system developed for the Federal University of Technology, Owerr...
Show More
-
Review Article
The Problems of Brazilian Education in the Final Years of Elementary School
Jhoy Pereira de Souza*
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
121-127
Received:
9 November 2025
Accepted:
29 January 2026
Published:
26 March 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.iedu.20260102.15
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Brazil's educational problems in the final years of elementary school are a highly relevant issue in society. These problems are complex and some are interconnected. Elementary school is comprised of grades 6 through 9, and is an important stage in the students' learning process. Numerous problems affect these grades, which end up making it difficult for teachers or managers to control teaching. Some of these problems are: school dropouts, continuing education, violence, indiscipline, socio-economic factors, lack of resources and school inclusion. These problems, when left unresolved, can lead to failures in the teaching-learning process. The aim of this study was to analyze the main educational problems faced in the final years of elementary school and propose solutions to improve teaching quality and student performance. The methodological approach is a qualitative bibliographical study, which aims to meet these objectives. As a result, authors often comment on the learning gap. Pupils leave elementary school with no command of writing and reading. Measures must be taken to control the situation, but they require the attention of government officials. Therefore, teachers and school managers must look for strategies and methods to reduce the educational problems in Brazilian education.
Abstract: Brazil's educational problems in the final years of elementary school are a highly relevant issue in society. These problems are complex and some are interconnected. Elementary school is comprised of grades 6 through 9, and is an important stage in the students' learning process. Numerous problems affect these grades, which end up making it difficu...
Show More
-
Research Article
A Mixed Methods Study of School Leaders’ Self-Efficacy, School Climate, Academic Achievement, and Accountability Challenges in Public Secondary Schools of West Shewa, Oromia, Ethiopia
Mulu Negasa Abebe*,
Tadesse Regassa Mamo,
Mulugeta Wende Geleta
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
128-141
Received:
21 January 2026
Accepted:
11 March 2026
Published:
2 April 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.iedu.20260102.16
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The study investigates the effect of school leaders’ self-efficacy on student academic achievement, while exploring the mediating role of school climate. By analyzing how school leaders’ confidence in their role provision shapes the school environment, and ultimately contributing in boosting student academic achievement. The study employed mixed design by applying AMOS version 23 and SPSS version 25 for data analysis with 235 determined sample using multi stage sampling method and interviews for addressing accountability challenges. The findings revealed that self-efficacy has a direct positive effect on student academic achievement (β = 0.07, p =.001), confirming Hypothesis H1. Leaders self-efficacy also significantly influenced school climate (β = 0.38, p =.001), supporting Hypothesis H2. School climate itself was found to be a significant predictor of student academic achievement (β = 0.11, p =.001), thereby confirming Hypothesis H3. Mediation analysis further demonstrated that school climate partially mediates the relationship between self-efficacy and student achievement, with an indirect effect of β = 0.56, p =.001. Again the results from interview guide found that accountability is compromised by political interference, resource deficiencies, diffusion of responsibility, and socio-economic pressures. Overall, the study underscores the critical role of school leaders’ self-efficacy in shaping positive school climates and driving student success. It highlights the importance of strengthening leadership capacities and accountability as a strategic approach to addressing the current persistent academic achievement decline in public secondary schools.
Abstract: The study investigates the effect of school leaders’ self-efficacy on student academic achievement, while exploring the mediating role of school climate. By analyzing how school leaders’ confidence in their role provision shapes the school environment, and ultimately contributing in boosting student academic achievement. The study employed mixed de...
Show More
