Phytochemical Analysis of Nigerian and Egyptian Henna (Lawsonia Inermis L.) Leaves using TLC, FTIR and GCMS
Nasir Hassan Wagini,
Amira Shawky Soliman,
Mohamed Said Abbas,
Yasser Adel Hanafy,
El-Saady Mohamed Badawy
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, May 2014
Pages:
27-32
Received:
25 March 2014
Accepted:
16 April 2014
Published:
10 May 2014
Abstract: This study designed to compare phytochemicals for both Nigerian and Egyptian henna using preliminary test for secondary metabolites, thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Gas Chromatography Mass spectroscopy (GCMS). Lawsonia inermis L. (Lythraceae) commonly called henna known for its cosmetic properties. The active ingredients in the leaves were extracted and fractionated using chloroform, ether, methanol, and ethyl-acetate. The resultant fractions primarily analyzed for secondary metabolites and secondarily. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, quinines, resins and sterols. The presence or absence of all the phytochemicals in these solvents was more or less similar between both samples. TLC profiling shows 9 bands of chemical compounds that are significantly similar in both samples. The FTIR spectrum confirmed the presence of 8 functional in both samples and an additional of aliphaticiodo compound in Egyptian sample. Sixteen and seventeen compounds identified in Nigerian and Egyptian samples respectively by GCMS analysis. Lawsone (2-hydroxy 1, 2-naphtoquinone) is one out of 7 common chemical compounds identified in both samples. The common compound identified by TLC, FTIR, and GCMS were found to be significantly similar in both quantity and quality. Thus, the research confirmed henna to be an important source of phytochemicals of immense pharmaceutical significance.
Abstract: This study designed to compare phytochemicals for both Nigerian and Egyptian henna using preliminary test for secondary metabolites, thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Gas Chromatography Mass spectroscopy (GCMS). Lawsonia inermis L. (Lythraceae) commonly called henna known for its cosmetic propertie...
Show More
Dynamic State of Water in Excised Ligustrum Lucidum Branches Observed by Dedicated Micro-Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Hiromi Kano,
Mika Koizumi
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, May 2014
Pages:
33-40
Received:
30 May 2014
Accepted:
18 June 2014
Published:
30 June 2014
Abstract: The dynamic state of water was investigated for tree branches by a combined k-space and q-space imaging method using a dedicated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device equipped with a 1.0-T permanent magnet. Changes in the 1H-NMR image due to the application of pulsed-field gradients (PFG) of stepping magnitude were measured using a phantom consisting of flow water and stationary water; the relationship between the flow velocities and the diffusion coefficients of water was studied. The method was applied to excised Ligustrum lucidum branches under conditions with and without weak light (100-140 μmol m-2 s-1). The distributions and diffusion coefficients of cell-associated water for individual tissues in the branches were determined in relation to morphology. Large amounts of water existed but diffusion coefficients were not high in the cambium. Though the water amounts were moderate, the highest diffusion coefficient exceeded that for pure water in the secondary xylem. The conduit tubes were smaller than the imaging pixel, unlike the phantom, so the determined values might be perturbed by the conditions of the ambient cell-associated water. However, positional responses in the xylem flow to light were detected, and a flow velocity up to 0.71 mm s-1 by transpiration was recorded. The movement of water in the phloem was not distinguished from large amounts of water in adjacent tissues, probably due to the very small cells and slow rates of flow in the phloem.
Abstract: The dynamic state of water was investigated for tree branches by a combined k-space and q-space imaging method using a dedicated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device equipped with a 1.0-T permanent magnet. Changes in the 1H-NMR image due to the application of pulsed-field gradients (PFG) of stepping magnitude were measured using a phantom consis...
Show More
