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Research Article
Etimology of the Etnonim “Teyit”
Toichiev Mairambek Tokonovich*
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 2, April 2026
Pages:
52-56
Received:
13 February 2026
Accepted:
19 March 2026
Published:
30 March 2026
Abstract: The present article offers a comprehensive etymological investigation into the ethnonym Teyit, a self-designation used by one of the most prominent groups within the Ichkilik Kyrgyz tribal confederation. The author performs a critical re-evaluation of the long-standing hypothesis that attempts to link this name to the Arab tribe of Tayyi’, which purportedly settled in Transoxiana during the Islamic conquests of the 8th century. In contrast to this traditional view, the study proposes a novel interpretation that connects the ethnonym to the phytonym tiit (larch tree), a term found in various Turkic languages with phonetic variants such as tit or tyt. This hypothesis is substantiated by the sacred significance of the larch tree within the archaic spiritual traditions of Siberian peoples. By synthesizing data from comparative linguistics, ethnography, and population genetics, the author demonstrates the invalidity of the "Arabian" theory and proves the autochthonous Turkic origins of the ethnonym, rooted in ancient cults of nature. Furthermore, the research explores the historical involvement of the Enisei Kyrgyz in the ethnogenesis of the Yakut (Sakha) people. By analyzing previously overlooked Yakut historical folklore and oral traditions, the author argues that the Kyrgyz component played a far more substantial role in Yakut history than is currently acknowledged in mainstream historiography. A point of significant scholarly novelty is the author’s hypothesis regarding the origin of the ethnonym Kurykan —the ancestors of the Yakut people. The study suggests a direct linguistic correlation between this name and an alternative reading of the ancient Chinese characters traditionally used to denote the ethnonym Kyrgyz. This multidisciplinary approach provides a fresh perspective on the migration patterns and cultural synthesis of Turkic-speaking nomadic societies in Central and North-East Asia.
Abstract: The present article offers a comprehensive etymological investigation into the ethnonym Teyit, a self-designation used by one of the most prominent groups within the Ichkilik Kyrgyz tribal confederation. The author performs a critical re-evaluation of the long-standing hypothesis that attempts to link this name to the Arab tribe of Tayyi’, which pu...
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Research Article
Climate Crisis and the Rise of Girl Child Marriage in Marsabit County, Kenya
Kirleen Carolyne Athiambo*,
Daniel Muasya,
Alfred Agwanda
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 2, April 2026
Pages:
57-69
Received:
12 March 2026
Accepted:
24 March 2026
Published:
7 April 2026
Abstract: This manuscript interrogates how climate stress, household poverty, and the dowry/bride price converge to commodify girls and precipitate girl child marriage in Marsabit County, Kenya. It relies solely on findings from a mixed?methods study’s dataset in 296 household surveys (98.7% response), 16 key informant interviews (80%), 9 focus group discussions (90%), and a transect walk across villages in Buri Aramia, Balla, Korr, Namarei, and Ngurnit Community Health Units. Quantitative analyses (descriptives, chi?square tests, cross?tabs, and hierarchical binary logistic regression) and qualitative themes are integrated to explain mechanisms and pathways. Three results stand out, the first, drought?linked livelihood strain and sparse local markets observed during the transect walk coincide with household narratives of using marriage as a coping strategy to obtain bride wealth, reduce dependents, and manage risk. Second, economic pressure is a strong, independent predictor of earlier marriage: each one?unit increase in the economic composite is associated with more than double the odds of marrying at 18 or older (Odd Ratio (OR)=2.429; 95% Confidence Interval (CI)≈1.363–4.330; p=0.003) that is, stronger economic capacity protects against girl child marriage. Third, commodification of girls is explicit in community accounts and survey frequencies: the practice of exchanging dowry/bride price and the perception that marriage reduces household burden are widely endorsed as “likely” drivers (≥75–90% across related items). Based only on the study’s evidence, climate?exacerbated poverty intensifies a transactional logic around girls’ bodies and futures. Effective measures therefore must be locally grounded to protect schooling continuity during drought months, reduce reliance on dowry through livelihood support, and shift norms via community leadership while enforcing consent and age standards.
Abstract: This manuscript interrogates how climate stress, household poverty, and the dowry/bride price converge to commodify girls and precipitate girl child marriage in Marsabit County, Kenya. It relies solely on findings from a mixed?methods study’s dataset in 296 household surveys (98.7% response), 16 key informant interviews (80%), 9 focus group discuss...
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Research Article
Indigenous Knowledge as Resilience: Underground Cereal Crop Preservation, and Its Socio-Economic Significance of D’irashe Rural Farmer, Southern Ethiopia
Seid Ahmed*
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 2, April 2026
Pages:
70-81
Received:
21 March 2026
Accepted:
7 April 2026
Published:
16 April 2026
Abstract: Historically, across the world indigenous knowledge have been marginalized, and often perceived as primitive, even though it embodies a dynamic system of knowledge introduced and developed by local communities through generations of interaction and connection they have with their environment. The holistic nature of their knowledge system and practices encompasses various domains, including social institutions, cultural practices, livelihood system, health, and natural resource management. In which characterized by its adaptive capacity in allowing local communities to respond effectively to changing environmental and climate conditions. Though to build the resilience capacity of rural people to cope with climate change, their indigenous knowledge system and practices has immense significance. D'irashe agrarian rural households cereal crop preservation practices is one of them, that are not a recent phenomenon rather it has been used and practiced for centuries. It is indigenous knowledge of the local people that provide culturally and environmentally sound effective solution to their socio-economic, and climate change concerns. This review article explore, and examines, and analyse the indigenous knowledge system of the D'irashe in crop-food preservation, and its socio-economic significance in building resilience to the effect of climate change through employing systematic review methods. Certainly examines its importance to ensure food security of the rural communities against the effects of drought and climate socks. The study finding reveal that rural communities indigenous crop preservation practices enable to ensure their food security particularly during drought season. This ensure their resilience to the impact of climate change and high climate variability.
Abstract: Historically, across the world indigenous knowledge have been marginalized, and often perceived as primitive, even though it embodies a dynamic system of knowledge introduced and developed by local communities through generations of interaction and connection they have with their environment. The holistic nature of their knowledge system and practi...
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Case Report
Synchronized Hemodynamic Rhythms in Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion Sequence: A Case Report with Diagnostic and Pathophysiological Implications
Jinyu Wang*
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 2, April 2026
Pages:
82-87
Received:
23 March 2026
Accepted:
1 April 2026
Published:
20 April 2026
Abstract: Twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence is a rare complication of monochorionic twin pregnancies, characterized by one structurally normal "pump" fetus perfusing an abnormal "acardiac" twin via placental vascular anastomoses. This case report presents a case of TRAP sequence diagnosed at 12 weeks' gestation, where serial ultrasound evaluations revealed a novel phenomenon of synchronized physiological rhythms between the pump twin's cardiac activity, the acardiac twin's arterial pulsations, and bilateral fetal movements，it's not an independent neural initiation or secondary mechanical displacement, it's a following neural initiation translated by the umbilical artery. Using a multidisciplinary approach combining obstetric ultrasound, fetal echocardiography, and real-time motion analysis, we documented 1: 1 synchronization of cardiac and arterial rhythms, with movement initiation occurring simultaneously in both fetuses on 92% of observed occasions. These findings challenge the traditional model of passive perfusion in TRAP sequence and suggest the existence of active neurovascular communication pathways between monochorionic twins. This case report provides a comprehensive review of TRAP sequence pathophysiology, presents detailed diagnostic methodology, discusses potential mechanisms underlying the observed synchronization, and concludes with implications for clinical management and future research directions.
Abstract: Twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence is a rare complication of monochorionic twin pregnancies, characterized by one structurally normal "pump" fetus perfusing an abnormal "acardiac" twin via placental vascular anastomoses. This case report presents a case of TRAP sequence diagnosed at 12 weeks' gestation, where serial ultrasound evaluat...
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Research Article
The Ghost Workforce of Generative AI: Reclaiming Ethical Visibility in AI Labour
Achi Iseko*
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 2, April 2026
Pages:
88-101
Received:
16 March 2026
Accepted:
1 April 2026
Published:
28 April 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijsts.20261402.15
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Generative AI systems are widely framed as autonomous technologies, yet they depend on extensive human labour data annotation, content moderation and reinforcement learning—which remains largely invisible within dominant narratives of automation and AI ethics. Drawing on 80 semi-structured interviews across eight countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Arab Gulf, this study conceptualises generative AI as a labour-intensive communicative infrastructure and examines how invisibility is systematically produced in AI supply chains. This article introduces the Ethical Visibility Framework (EVF), which identifies three interlocking forms of invisibility: material invisibility, enacted through outsourcing, contractual opacity and wage suppression; epistemic invisibility, whereby workers’ situated knowledge is extracted while their status as legitimate contributors is denied; and narrative invisibility, sustained through automation discourse that erases human labour from accounts of AI performance. These dimensions reinforce one another, enabling economic extraction, expertise appropriation and responsibility deflection. By centring AI workers as epistemic agents rather than peripheral service providers, the study extends scholarship on digital labour, data justice and critical AI ethics, concluding that labour visibility is a foundational ethical requirement for legitimate AI development, not an ancillary concern, with implications for governance frameworks that treat AI ethics as technical optimisation rather than socio-technical justice.
Abstract: Generative AI systems are widely framed as autonomous technologies, yet they depend on extensive human labour data annotation, content moderation and reinforcement learning—which remains largely invisible within dominant narratives of automation and AI ethics. Drawing on 80 semi-structured interviews across eight countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and...
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Research Article
A History of the Jews of Oradea
Anca Oltean*
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 2, April 2026
Pages:
102-107
Received:
4 March 2026
Accepted:
14 April 2026
Published:
29 April 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijsts.20261402.16
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: In his book, the historian Antonio Faur from the University of Oradea, draws a history of the Jews of Oradea on the eve of Holocaust, during their persecution, ghettoization and deportation. Although between 1940-1944, the Jews of North-West Transylvania were under Hungarian rule, their condition was worse than of the remaining Jews from the Kingdom of Romania. They were deported to German and Polish concentration camps. In modern epoch, the Jews of Transylvania constituted a civilizing factor for the Austrian Empire, being in a tight alliance with the Hungarian aristocracy. But on the eve of anti-Semitism, once with the rise of fascism and numerus clausus law, Hungarians delimitated from Jewish influences. An anti-Jewish legislation was introduced in Hungary, after the outburst of the Second World War. In North-West Transylvania, there were a few Romanian ethnics who helped the Jews to escape from certain death, sometimes by emigrating in the Kingdom of Romania. Jewish contribution to Transylvanian culture, values, architecture, literature are underlined by the author Antonio Faur. The lessons that can be drawn by the readers of this book, it is that multiculturalism and tolerance would be more than helpful in order to build better European society.
Abstract: In his book, the historian Antonio Faur from the University of Oradea, draws a history of the Jews of Oradea on the eve of Holocaust, during their persecution, ghettoization and deportation. Although between 1940-1944, the Jews of North-West Transylvania were under Hungarian rule, their condition was worse than of the remaining Jews from the Kingdo...
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