Research Article
Time - Life and Information Relations and Quanta as Originator of Life
İsmet Gedik*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 4, August 2025
Pages:
119-137
Received:
23 April 2025
Accepted:
15 May 2025
Published:
30 July 2025
Abstract: As we go back in time, the knowledge of how to make something is continuously decreasing. 5 million years ago there is no living being called human. That means humans decomposed into its atoms and molecules. 4 billion years ago the entire living world disappears and are decomposed into their components. 5 billion years ago our world and our solar system are also destroyed. 13 billion years ago, all stars and galaxies were disappearing, disintegrating into their constituent parts. Geologic and astrophysical data show that nature, as well as all living and non-living things on it, were decomposed into their components as we went back to the past, and that they were decomposed into the smallest structural elements in nature, called quanta. Ca. 13 billion year ago universe consisted of a huge number of quanta amounting 10 to the power of hundred-odd. Those quanta were tiny living units of very short life vibrating and colliding with each other, hence in a very uncomfortable manner. Quanta behaves not randomly. They make probability calculations to make a movement. They are aware of the fact whether they are free or observed. They can detect the peculiarities of all substance around themselves instantaneously without going to them. All those peculiarities show that quanta are conscious, hence smallest living objects. To get a more comfortable life they combined in higher-level systems. This tendency to get a more comfortable life let them to construct higher-level systems leading to an evolution. Nature consists of chemical elements being constructed continuously. They are constructed with conscious aggregation of things & beings due to increase of information development. Therefore, time is the results of compositional changes of matters due to information development. Thus, the physics of dynamical systems, summarized as Information and self-organization was developed.
Abstract: As we go back in time, the knowledge of how to make something is continuously decreasing. 5 million years ago there is no living being called human. That means humans decomposed into its atoms and molecules. 4 billion years ago the entire living world disappears and are decomposed into their components. 5 billion years ago our world and our solar s...
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Research Article
The Ubuntu Approach to Building Restorative Justice
Maria Gimena Funes*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 4, August 2025
Pages:
138-141
Received:
11 May 2025
Accepted:
20 June 2025
Published:
30 July 2025
Abstract: Ubuntu, a philosophy originating in southern Africa, presents itself as a humanist paradigm centered on the interdependence between people and the inherent dignity of every human being. Its fundamental premise—"I am because we are"—expresses a worldview that privileges community, empathy, solidarity, reconciliation, and forgiveness as foundations for social coexistence. This paper analyzes the significance of Ubuntu as a philosophy of life and its potential as a conceptual and practical framework for restorative justice, especially in contexts marked by exclusion and structural violence. Drawing on the historical experience of South Africa and the role played by leaders such as Nelson Mandela and Desmond Tutu, this article examines how Ubuntu was articulated as a political and ethical instrument to confront the collective trauma of apartheid, prioritizing reparation over punishment. In this process, five fundamental pillars were consolidated: self-knowledge, self-confidence, resilience, empathy, and service, which constitute a methodological foundation also applicable to other social realities. The article proposes a reflection on the implementation of Ubuntu in restorative justice practices in juvenile justice. In this field, it is observed that practices inspired by this philosophy allow for the restoration of bonds, the transformation of damaged relationships, and the promotion of processes of accountability, reparation, and social reintegration. Significant psychological and social benefits are also reported. Finally, it is proposed that Ubuntu should be an open approach, adaptable to diverse cultural contexts, and capable of offering innovative responses to contemporary challenges in justice, inclusion, and peacebuilding. Its practical application requires an ethic of care, servant leadership, and an active commitment to rebuilding the common good, making it a valuable tool for addressing conflicts from a deeply humanizing perspective.
Abstract: Ubuntu, a philosophy originating in southern Africa, presents itself as a humanist paradigm centered on the interdependence between people and the inherent dignity of every human being. Its fundamental premise—"I am because we are"—expresses a worldview that privileges community, empathy, solidarity, reconciliation, and forgiveness as foundations f...
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Research Article
Application of Beauveria Bassiana to Control the Pest Hypothenemus Hampei (Ferrari) in Coffee Plantations of the Caturra Isla 6-14 Variety
Delvis Valdés Zayas*,
Alain Vera Muñoz,
Gloria Ibis Rey Rodríguez,
Reynaldo Toledo Zerquera,
Loida Modesta Hernández Mainegra
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 4, August 2025
Pages:
142-151
Received:
8 May 2025
Accepted:
26 May 2025
Published:
15 August 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijsts.20251304.13
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Abstract: This study was carried out on coffee plantations belonging to producers who are members of the "10 de Octubre" Agricultural Production Cooperative, Cumanayagua Municipality, Cienfuegos Province. These farmers had plantations of Coffea arabica L., Caturra Island 6-14 variety, between May and December 2022. Five coffee plantations were selected, with different areas planted with the aforementioned coffee varieties, to evaluate the influence of Beauveria bassiana (B. bassiana) strain LBB 1 on the control of the Hypothenemus Hampei (H. hampei) pest in these coffee plantations. The preparation and application of B. bassiana followed the procedure indicated in the Cuban Standard © NC 1013: 2014, the statistical processing of the results was carried out using the Statgraphics Centurion Statistical Package Version 19.5.01, assuming the levels of H. hampei infestation as the dependent variable and the dose to be used and the extension of the areas under study as independent variables. Some of the results obtained include: from an initial 20.6% infestation by the pathogen H. hampei in the areas selected for research and belonging to the aforementioned cooperative, after applying B. bassiana to control the pathogen, infestation levels were reduced by 50% from the initial levels, reaching a minimum infestation level of 8% in two of the evaluated areas. Another result obtained is that when a correlation test was performed between the means of the values shown by the initial and final levels of H. hampei infestation and the extension of the study areas, significant differences were found between them.
Abstract: This study was carried out on coffee plantations belonging to producers who are members of the "10 de Octubre" Agricultural Production Cooperative, Cumanayagua Municipality, Cienfuegos Province. These farmers had plantations of Coffea arabica L., Caturra Island 6-14 variety, between May and December 2022. Five coffee plantations were selected, with...
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